رئيس فيجي
| رئيس جمهورية فيجي | |
|---|---|
 المعيار الرئاسي | |
| الإقامة | مقر الحكومة, سوڤا |
| عيـَّنه | برلمان فيجي |
| مدة المنصب | 3 سنوات قابلة للتجديد مرة واحدة [1] |
| مفتتـِح المنصب | Penaia Ganilau |
| تشكيل | 5 ديسمبر 1987 |
| الراتب | 130,000 دولارًا سنويًا [2] |
إن رئيس جمهورية فيجي هو رئيس الدولة في فيجي. يتم تعيين الرئيس من قبل برلمان فيجي لمدة ثلاث سنوات بموجب أحكام دستور فيجي 2013.[1] على الرغم من أنه ليس رأسًا بالكامل ، إلا أن دور الرئيس في الحكومة هو احتفالي في الغالب ، ولكن هناك سلطات احتياطي مهمة يمكن ممارستها في حالة حدوث أزمة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، الرئيس هو القائد العام لـ القوات العسكرية.
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تاريخ المنصب
The office of the president was established following two military coups in 1987 that led to the proclamation of a republic on 7 October, ending the Fijian monarchy. Major-General Sitiveni Rabuka, who had masterminded the coups, formed an interim military government with himself as its head. He did not, however, take the title of President, and on 5 December appointed Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, the last governor-general, as the first president of the republic.
A civilian putsch instigated by George Speight led to another constitutional upheaval in 2000. President Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara resigned on 29 May rather than abrogate the Constitution, as the military, supported by the Supreme Court, had asked. (Whether or not his resignation was forced was the subject of a police investigation that continued up to the time of the 2006 coup). Commodore Frank Bainimarama took power as the head of the interim military government (as had Rabuka in 1987), until Ratu Josefa Iloilo was appointed President on 13 July.
On 5 December 2006, the military forces again overthrew the government. Bainimarama declared himself acting president; he initially said that he had assumed the office in an interim capacity, and would soon ask the Great Council of Chiefs to reinstate Iloilo, but on 17 December he insisted that he was now the president and that the Great Council should recognise him as such.[3] Iloilo was re-instated as President on 4 January 2007.
In January 2008, Bainimarama stated that the military was "the executive authority in the appointment of the President", following the suspension of the Great Council of Chiefs. The president would be a military appointee, until a reformed GCC were installed.[4]
A few days later, Citizens Constitutional Forum director Reverend Akuila Yabaki suggested that the position of President should, in future, be open to persons of any ethnicity, rather than reserved for indigenous Fijians. This suggestion was controversial, and was notably opposed by deposed prime minister Laisenia Qarase. A Rewa chief, Ro Filipe Tuisawau, also opposed the idea, and stated his view on the function of the presidency:
- "The position of the president symbolises unity of both traditional structures of leadership which existed before parliamentary rule was established and the current Westminster system of parliament. This is where the Western system meets our traditional vanua system and we acknowledge the indigenous leadership that has evolved and catered for all races in our multicultural society. By nominating the President the nation is acknowledging the role our chiefs have played in society and I think the Fijian people would appreciate that the status quo stay."[5]
On 28 July 2009, Iloilo announced that he would be leaving office on 30 July.[6] Brigadier-General (Rtd) Ratu Epeli Nailatikau succeeded him as acting president. On 5 November 2009, Nailatikau was sworn in as President.[7]
In March 2012, the Bainimarama government disestablished the Great Council of Chiefs by decree.[8][9] Bainimarama confirmed this meant there would need to be a new method to appoint the president; this, he said, would be provided by a new Constitution, to be adopted in 2013 following consultations with the people.[10]
On 12 October 2015, the Parliament elected Major-General (Rtd) Jioji Konrote as President.[11] On 12 November 2015, Konrote was sworn in as President.[12]
قائمة رؤساء فيجي (1987 – الآن)
| № | President | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Party | Election | Prime Minister | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of the Interim Military Government | ||||||||
| – | Major general Sitiveni Rabuka (Acting) (born 1948) | 7 October 1987 | 5 December 1987 | 59 يوم | [[Republic of Fiji Military Forces|قالب:Republic of Fiji Military Forces/meta/shortname]] | — | — | |
| Presidents of the Republic of Fiji | ||||||||
| 1 | Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau (1918–1993) | 5 December 1987 | 15 December 1993 † | 6 سنة, 10 يوم | مستقل | 1987 | Kamisese Mara Sitiveni Rabuka | |
| – | Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara (Acting) (1920–2004) | 16 December 1993 | 18 January 1994 | 33 يوم | مستقل | — | Sitiveni Rabuka | |
| 2 | Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara (1920–2004) | 18 January 1994 | 29 May 2000 | 6 سنة, 132 يوم | مستقل | 1994 | Sitiveni Rabuka Mahendra Chaudhry Tevita Momoedonu | |
| Head of the Interim Military Government | ||||||||
| – | Commodore Frank Bainimarama (Acting) (born 1954) | 29 May 2000 | 13 July 2000 | 45 يوم | [[Republic of Fiji Military Forces|قالب:Republic of Fiji Military Forces/meta/shortname]] | — | Laisenia Qarase | |
| President of the Republic of Fiji | ||||||||
| 3 | Ratu Josefa Iloilo (1920–2011) | 13 July 2000 | 5 December 2006 | 6 سنة, 145 يوم | مستقل | 2000 2006 | Laisenia Qarase Tevita Momoedonu Laisenia Qarase | |
| Head of the Interim Military Government | ||||||||
| – | Commodore Frank Bainimarama (Acting) (born 1954) | 5 December 2006 | 4 January 2007 | 30 يوم | [[Republic of Fiji Military Forces|قالب:Republic of Fiji Military Forces/meta/shortname]] | — | Jona Senilagakali | |
| Presidents of the Republic of Fiji | ||||||||
| (3) | Ratu Josefa Iloilo (1920–2011) | 4 January 2007 | 30 July 2009 | 2 سنة, 207 يوم | مستقل | — | Frank Bainimarama | |
| – | Ratu Brigadier general (Rtd) Epeli Nailatikau (Acting) (born 1941) | 30 July 2009 | 5 November 2009 | 98 يوم | مستقل | — | Frank Bainimarama | |
| 4 | Ratu Brigadier general (Rtd) Epeli Nailatikau (born 1941) | 5 November 2009 | 12 November 2015 | 6 سنة, 7 يوم | مستقل | 2009 | Frank Bainimarama | |
| 5 | Major general (Rtd) Jioji Konrote (born 1947) | 12 November 2015 | Incumbent | 8 سنة, 196 يوم | [[FijiFirst|قالب:FijiFirst/meta/shortname]] | 2015 | Frank Bainimarama | |
أنظر أيضاً
ملاحظات
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المصادر
- ^ أ ب "Constitution of the Republic of Fiji" (PDF). 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 سبتمبر 2015.
- ^ Government of Fiji Gazette (3 أكتوبر 2014). "PARLIAMENTARY REMUNERATIONS DECREE 2014 (DECREE NO. 29 OF 2014)" (PDF). www.parliament.gov.fj.
- ^ http://www.fijilive.com/news/show/news/2006/12/18/Fijilive13.html
- ^ "Voreqe: Army is executive authority" Archived 13 أغسطس 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Fiji Times, 2 January 2008
- ^ "Keep President Fijian" Archived 23 فبراير 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Robert Matau, Fiji Times, 7 January 2008
- ^ President of military-led Fiji plans to step down, AP, 28 July 2009
- ^ Nailatikau sworn in as Fiji's new President. News.xinhuanet.com (5 November 2009). Retrieved on 4 May 2012.
- ^ "Fiji's Great Council of Chiefs abolished". Stuff. Retrieved 12 أبريل 2018.
- ^ "REMARKS BY THE PRIME MINISTER ON THE GREAT COUNCIL OF CHIEFS (GCC)" Archived 19 أكتوبر 2012 at the Wayback Machine, government of Fiji
- ^ "Fiji to have a new system to elect president", FijiVillage, 14 March 2012
- ^ "Fiji Parliament elects new President". Radio New Zealand International. 12 أكتوبر 2015. Retrieved 15 أكتوبر 2015.
- ^ "Fiji swears in new president". Radio New Zealand International. 12 نوفمبر 2015. Retrieved 15 نوفمبر 2015.