NoSQL

NoSQL (تختصر عادة إلى Not Only SQL[1][2][unreliable source?])، هي قاعدة بيانات توفر آلية لتخزين واسترجاع البيانات that is modeled in means other than the tabular relations المستخدمة في قواعد البيانات العلائقية. Motivations for this approach include simplicity of design, horizontal scaling and finer control over availability. The data structures used by NoSQL databases (e.g. key-value, graph, or document) differ from those used in relational databases, making some operations faster in NoSQL and some faster in relational databases. The particular suitability of a given NoSQL database depends on the problem it must solve.

قواعد بيانات NoSQL تستخدم بشكل متزايد في البيانات الضخمة وتطبيقات real-time web.[3] يطلق على أنظمة NoSQL أيضاً "Not only SQL" للتأكيد على أنها يمكنها أيضاً أن تعدم لغات الاستعلام الشبيهة بSQL-. Many NoSQL stores compromise consistency (in the sense of the CAP theorem) in favor of availability and partition tolerance. Barriers to the greater adoption of NoSQL stores include the use of low-level query languages, the lack of standardized interfaces, and huge investments in existing SQL.[4] Most NoSQL stores lack true ACID transactions, although a few recent systems, such as FairCom c-treeACE, Google Spanner (though technically a NewSQL database) and FoundationDB, have made them central to their designs.

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التاريخ

تطبيقات قواعد بيانات NoSQL


المصطلح قاعدة البيانات المطابقة
Key-Value Cache Coherence, eXtreme Scale, GigaSpaces, GemFire, Hazelcast, Infinispan, JBoss Cache, Memcached, Repcached, Terracotta, Velocity
Key-Value Store Flare, Keyspace, RAMCloud, SchemaFree, Hyperdex
Key-Value Store (Eventually-Consistent) DovetailDB, Dynamo, Riak, Dynomite, MotionDb, Voldemort, SubRecord
Key-Value Store (Ordered) Actord, FoundationDB, Lightcloud, Luxio, MemcacheDB, NMDB, Scalaris, TokyoTyrant
Data-Structures server Redis
Tuple Store Apache River, Coord, GigaSpaces
Object Database DB4O, Perst, Shoal, ZopeDB,
Document Store Clusterpoint, Couchbase, CouchDB, MarkLogic, MongoDB, XML-databases
Wide Columnar Store BigTable, Cassandra, Druid, HBase, Hypertable, KAI, KDI, OpenNeptune, Qbase

الآداء

نموذج البيانات الآداء التدرجية المرونة التعقيد التشغيل
Key–Value Store مرتفع مرتفع مرتفع لا يوجد متغير (لا يوجد)
Column-Oriented Store مرتفع مرتفع متوسط منخفض اسمي
Document-Oriented Store مرتفع متغير (مرتفع) مرتفع منخفض متغير (منخفض)
قاعدة بيانات المخططات متغير متغير مرتفع مرتفع نظرية المخططات
قاعدة البيانات العلائقية متغير متغير منخفض متوسط الجبر العلائقي

معالجة البيانات العلائقية

الاستعلامات المتعددة

Caching/Replication/Non-normalized Data

Nesting Data

أمثلة

تخزين الوثائق


الاسم اللغة هوامش
BaseX Java, XQuery XML database
Cloudant C, Erlang, Java, Scala JSON store (online service)
Clusterpoint C, C++, REST, XML, full text search XML database with support for JSON, text, binaries
Couchbase Server C, C++, Erlang Support for JSON and binary documents
Apache CouchDB Erlang JSON database
Solr Java Search engine
ElasticSearch Java JSON, Search engine
eXist Java, XQuery XML database
Jackrabbit Java Java Content Repository implementation
IBM Notes and IBM Domino LotusScript, Java, IBM X Pages, others MultiValue
MarkLogic Server Java, REST, XQuery XML database with support for JSON, text, and binaries
MongoDB C++, C#, Go BSON store (binary format JSON)
ObjectDatabase++ C++, C#, TScript Binary Native C++ class structures
Oracle NoSQL Database C, Java
OrientDB Java JSON, SQL support
CoreFoundation Property list C, C++, Objective-C JSON, XML, binary
Sedna C++, XQuery XML database
SimpleDB Erlang online service
TokuMX C++, C#, Go MongoDB with Fractal Tree indexing
OpenLink Virtuoso C++, C#, Java, SPARQL middleware and database engine hybrid

المخططات


الاسم اللغة هوامش
AllegroGraph SPARQL RDF GraphStore
DEX/Sparksee C++, Java, .NET, Python High-performance graph database
FlockDB Scala
IBM DB2 SPARQL RDF GraphStore added in DB2 10
InfiniteGraph Java High-performance, scalable, distributed graph database
Neo4j Java
OWLIM Java, SPARQL 1.1 RDF graph store with reasoning
OrientDB Java
Sones GraphDB C#
Sqrrl Enterprise Java Distributed, real-time graph database featuring cell-level security
OpenLink Virtuoso C++, C#, Java, SPARQL middleware and database engine hybrid
Stardog Java, SPARQL semantic graph database

Key-value stores

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KV - eventually consistent

KV - ordered

KV - RAM

KV - solid-state drive or rotating disk

Object database

Tabular

Tuple store

Triple/quad store (RDF) database

Hosted

Multivalue databases

قاعدة البيانات متعددة النماذج

قاعدة البيانات التصحيحية

قاعدة البيانات الخلوية

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ "NoSQL (Not Only SQL)". NoSQL database, also called Not Only SQL
  2. ^ Martin Fowler. "NosqlDefinition". many advocates of NoSQL say that it does not mean a "no" to SQL, rather it means Not Only SQL
  3. ^ "RDBMS dominate the database market, but NoSQL systems are catching up". DB-Engines.com. 21 نوفمبر 2013. Retrieved 24 نوفمبر 2013.
  4. ^ K. Grolinger, W.A. Higashino, A. Tiwari, M.A.M. Capretz (2013). "Data management in cloud environments: NoSQL and NewSQL data stores" (PDF). JoCCASA, Springer. Retrieved 8 يناير 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ "Riak: An Open Source Scalable Data Store". 28 November 2010. Retrieved 28 November 2010 * OpenLink Virtuoso
  6. ^ Tweed, Rob; George James (2010). "A Universal NoSQL Engine, Using a Tried and Tested Technology" (PDF). p. 25. Without exception, the most successful and well-known of the NoSQL databases have been developed from scratch, all within just the last few years. Strangely, it seems that nobody looked around to see whether there were any existing, successfully implemented database technologies that could have provided a sound foundation for meeting Web-scale demands. Had they done so, they might have discovered two products, GT.M and Caché.....* {{cite web}}: line feed character in |quote= at position 82 (help)


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قراءات إضافية

وصلات خارجية