گيورگى گيورگيو-ديج

لمعلومات عن the city in Romania formerly known as Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej، انظر Onești.

گيورگى گيورگيو-ديج Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej's official portrait, taken on 8 February 1948, which then became common during his leadership
الأمين العام للحزب الشيوعي الروماني
في المنصب أكتوبر 1944 (1944-10) – 19 أبريل 1954 (1954-04-19)
سبقه	Ștefan Foriș
خلفه	Gheorghe Apostol
في المنصب 30 سبتمبر 1955 (1955-09-30) – 19 March 1965
سبقه	Gheorghe Apostol
خلفه	نيقولاي تشاوشسكو
رئيس مجلس الدولة
في المنصب 21 مارس 1961 – 19 مارس 1965
سبقه	Ion Gheorghe Maurer (as President of the Presidium of Great National Assembly)
خلفه	Chivu Stoica
President of the Council of Ministers
في المنصب 2 يونيو 1952 – 2 أكتوبر 1955
سبقه	Petru Groza
خلفه	Chivu Stoica
First Vice President of the Council of Ministers
في المنصب 15 April 1948 – 2 June 1952
رئيس الوزراء	Petru Groza
سبقه	Gheorghe Tătărescu
Minister of Industry and Commerce
في المنصب 1 December 1946 – 14 April 1948
رئيس الوزراء	Petru Groza
سبقه	Petre Bejan
Minister of Public Works
في المنصب 6 March 1945 – 30 November 1946
رئيس الوزراء	Petru Groza
سبقه	Virgil Solomon
خلفه	Ion Gh. Vântu
Minister of Communications
في المنصب 4 November 1944 – 30 November 1946
رئيس الوزراء	Constantin Sănătescu Nicolae Rădescu Petru Groza
خلفه	Nicolae Profiri
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد	8 نوفمبر 1901 بارلاد، Vaslui County, مملكة رومانيا
توفي	19 مارس 1965(1965-03-19) (aged 63) بوخارست، جمهورية رومانيا الشعبية
المدفن	Carol Park, بوخارست، رومانيا (until 1991) Bellu Cemetery, بوخارست، رومانيا (بعد 1991)
القومية	روماني
الحزب	الحزب الشيوعي الروماني (1930–1965)
الزوج	Maria Alexe
a. ^ First Secretary of the Romanian Worker's Party (from February 1948)

گيورگى گيورگيو-ديج ( Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej ؛ النطق بالرومانية: [ˈɡe̯orɡe ɡe̯orˈɡi.u ˈdeʒ] ( استمع)؛ 8 نوفمبر 1901 – 19 مارس 1965) كان سياسياً شيوعياً رومانياً وكهربائي. وكان أول زعيماً شيوعياً لرومانيا من 1947 حتى 1965, serving as first secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (ultimately "Romanian Workers' Party", PMR) from 1944 to 1954 and from 1955 to 1965, and as the first Communist Prime Minister of Romania from 1952 to 1955.

Born in Bârlad (1901), Gheorghiu-Dej was involved in the communist movement's activities from the early 1930s. Upon the outbreak of World War II in Europe, he was imprisoned by Ion Antonescu's regime in the Târgu Jiu detention camp, and escaped only in August 1944. After the forces of King Michael ousted Antonescu and had him arrested for war crimes, Gheorghiu-Dej together with prime-minister Petru Groza pressured the King into abdicating in December 1947, marking the onset of out-and-out Communist rule in Romania.

Under his rule, Romania was considered one of the Soviet Union's most loyal satellite states, though Gheorghiu-Dej was partially unnerved by the rapid de-Stalinization policy initiated by Nikita Khrushchev at the end of the 1950s. Gheorghiu-Dej stepped up measures that greatly increased trade relations between Romania and the Western countries. However, at the same time his government was accused of human rights violations within the country.

He died of lung cancer in March 1965. His once protégé Nicolae Ceaușescu succeeded him as General Secretary.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 النشأة

Gheorghiu-Dej was the son of a poor worker from Bârlad, Tănase Gheorghiu, and his wife Ana. He also had a younger sister named Tinca.

 في السلطة

گيورگيو-ديج مع نيكيتا خروشوڤ في مطار بانياسا ببوخارست في يونيو 1960. نيقولاي تشاوشسكو يمكن رؤيته ناحية اليد اليمنى لگيورگيو-ديج.

 التعامل مع الغرب

In the early years of Gheorghiu-Dej's rule Romania's relations with the West were tense, marked by accusations of United States espionage and Romanian human rights violations. There were also low levels of trade between Romania and the West, as Romania tied itself to the Soviet Union and the other satellite nations; in 1950, Romania's economic plan involved 89% of trade to be solely with the Soviet Bloc.

گيورگيو-ديج يشارك في نخب مع أنطونين نوڤوتني، رئيس تشيكوسلوڤاكيا

 الوفاة والذكرى

الزعماء الشيوعيون الأجانب في جنازة گيورگيو-ديج، ومنهم ژو إن‌لاي إلى اليسار وأنستاس ميكويان إلى اليمين

طابع سوڤيتي يصوّر گيورگيو-ديج

قبر گيورگيو-ديج في مقبرة بـِلـّو في بوخارست

 المراجع

• Neagoe-Pleșa, Elis (2014). "Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej și „procesul ceferiștilor" (1933–1934)". In Cioroianu, Adrian (ed.). Comuniștii înainte de comunism: procese și condamnări ale ilegaliștilor din România [Communists before communism: trials and convictions of the illegalists in Romania] (PDF) (in الرومانية). Bucharest: Editura Universității București. ISBN 978-606-16-0520-0.

 المصادر الرئيسية

• Chicago Tribune, July 4, 1964; p. 11; Tito Socialism Wins Support in Balkans; Donald Starr.
• The Times, Saturday, August 29, 1953; p. 7; Issue 52713; col F. "Communism In Rumania Arrests And Collectives In A Satellite State From Our Special Correspondent".
• The Times, Saturday, May 11, 1963; p. 7; Issue 55698; col C. "Comecon Meets In Warsaw Preparing For Party Secretaries' Talks".
• The Times, Tuesday, Nov 26, 1963; p. 9; Issue 55868; col D. "Rumania Leader At Yugoslavia Steel Centre Power Project On Danube".
• The Times, Monday, Apr 13, 1964; p. 10; Issue 55984; col A. "Mr. Khrushchev's Allies To Meet This Week Rumania Still Stands Aloof From China Dispute From Our Special Correspondent".
• The Times, Monday, Jun 08, 1964; p. 10; Issue 56032; col F. "Signs Of Coming Russian Clash With Rumania Background To President Tito's Leningrad Visit Today From Our Own Correspondent".
• The Times, Friday, Dec 11, 1964; p. 13; Issue 56192; col F. "Rumanian Drive For Independence".
• The Times, Friday, Jan 22, 1965; p. 9; Issue 56226; col A. "Warsaw Pact Warning On M.L.F. Counter-Measures Threatened".
• The Times, Thursday, Mar 25, 1965; p. 10; Issue 56279; col E. "Rumania Affirms Independence".

 المصادر الثانوية

• Dennis Deletant, Communist Terror in Romania: Gheorghiu-Dej and the Police State, 1948–1965 (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999).
• Dennis Deletant, Romania under Communist Rule (Portland, OR: Center for Romanian Studies, 1998).
• Dennis Deletant, "The Securitate and the Police State in Romania: 1948–64," Intelligence and National Security 8, no. 4 (1993): 1–25.
• Stephen Fisher-Galați, Twentieth Century Rumania (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970).
• Johanna Granville,"Dej-a-Vu: Early Roots of Romania's Independence,"East European Quarterly, vol. XLII, no. 4 (Winter 2008), pp. 365–404.
• Bruce J. Courtney and Joseph F. Harrington, Tweaking the Nose of the Russians: Fifty Years of American-Romanian Relations, 1940–1990 (East European Monographs, 1991).
• Tom Gallagher, Theft of a Nation: Romania Since Communism (Hurst & Company, 2005).
• Mary Ellen Fischer, Nicolae Ceaușescu and the Romanian Political Leadership: Nationalization and Personalization of Power (Skidmore College, 1983).
• Paul D. Quinlan, The United States and Romania: American–Romanian Relations in the Twentieth Century (ARA Publications, 1988).
• Vladimir Tismăneanu, Fantoma lui Gheorghiu-Dej, Editura Univers, 1995.
• Vladimir Tismăneanu, Stalinism for All Seasons: A Political History of Romanian Communism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003).

مناصب حزبية
سبقه Ștefan Foriș	General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party 1944–1954	تبعه Gheorghe Apostol
سبقه Gheorghe Apostol	General Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party 1955–1965	تبعه نيقولاي تشاوشسكو