أبوفيس الثاني
| أبو فيس Apepi II | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Scarab bearing the final prenomen of the Hyksos pharaoh Apepi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| فرعون | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| الحكم | 35-40 years, ca. 1575 BC - 1540 BC[1] (الأسرة الخامسة عشر?) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| سبقه | خيان | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| تبعه | خامودي | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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أپـِپي الثاني Apepi II, (ويعرف أيضاً بأسماء: أقني إن رع أپپي Aqenienre Apepi أو أپوفيس الثاني Apophis II) ربما كان حاكماً هكسوسياً على مصر السفلى أثناء نهاية الفترة الانتقالية الثانية بالرغم من أنه غالباً ما يـُعتقد أنه أپـِپي الأول تحت اسم عرش مختلف. بالرغم انه لم يعثر على أي حفريات تخصه في المنطقة [2] غير مبنى فيه آثاره الخاصة ، وقد كتب إسمه على تمثالين على هيئة أبي الهول للملك أمنمحات الثاني. وتمثالين للملك سمينخ كا رع.[3] وقد هزمه أحمس الأول الذي أخرج الهكسوس من مصر وأسس الأسرة السادسة عشر.[4]
If he was a different king, his domain was much reduced from his predecessor, Apepi I, and his name is not found on any objects south of Bubastis besides a dagger which turned up on the Antiquities market in Luxor, but was probably not found in the area.[5]
Rather than building his own monuments, he wrote his own name over two sphinxes of Amenemhat II and two statues of Smenkhkare.[6] He was defeated by Ahmose I who drove out the Hyksos and established the 18th Dynasty.[7]
However, Aqenienre Apepi may or may not have been another name for Awoserre Apepi, in which case both Awoserre and Aqenienre were two names for the same person.
الاسم الشخصي
Neb-khepesh-Re (nb ḫpš rˁ), Aa-qenen-Re (ˁ3 ḳn n rˁ) and Aa-user-Re (ˁ3 wsr rˁ) are three praenomina (throne names) used by this same ruler during various parts of his reign.[8] While some Egyptologists once believed that there were two separate kings who bore the name Apepi, namely Aauserre Apepi and Aaqenenre Apepi, it is now recognized that Khamudi succeeded Apepi at Avaris and that there was only one king named Apepi or Apophis.[9][10] Nebkhepeshre ("Re is the Lord of Strength") was Apepi's first prenomen; towards the middle of his reign, this Hyksos ruler adopted a new prenomen, Aaqenenre ("The strength of Re is great").[11] In the final decade or so of his reign, Apepi chose Aauserre as his last prenomen. While the prenomen was altered, there is no difference in the translation of both Aaqenenre and Aauserre. His Horus name Shetep-tawy is attested only twice (once together with A-qenen-Re). It appears on an offering table[12] and on blocks found at Bubastis.[13]
العهد
Rather than building his own monuments, Apepi generally usurped the monuments of previous pharaohs by inscribing his own name over two sphinxes of Amenemhat II and two statues of Imyremeshaw.[17] Apepi is thought to have usurped the throne of northern Egypt after the death of his predecessor, Khyan, since the latter had designated his son, Yanassi, to be his successor on the throne as a foreign ruler.[18] He was succeeded by Khamudi, the last Hyksos ruler. Ahmose I, who drove out the Hyksos kings from Egypt, established the 18th Dynasty.[17]
In the Ramesside era, Apepi is recorded as worshiping Seth in a monolatric way: "King Apophis chose for his Lord the god Seth. He didn't worship any other deity in the whole land except Seth."[19] Jan Assmann argues that because the Ancient Egyptians could never conceive of a "lonely" god lacking personality, Seth the desert god, who was worshiped exclusively, represented a manifestation of evil;[20] and scholars generally believe the account of Apepi's alleged monotheism is a veiled condemnation of the more infamous attempt by the later pharaoh Akhenaten to elevate the status of his patron sun god, Aten.[21]
There is some discussion in Egyptology concerning whether Apepi also ruled Upper Egypt. There are indeed several objects with the king's name most likely coming from Thebes and Upper Egypt. These include a dagger with the name of the king bought on the art market in Luxor. There is an axe of unknown provenance where the king is called beloved of Sobek, lord of Sumenu. Sumenu is nowadays identified with Mahamid Qibli, about 24 kilometers south of Thebes and there is a fragment of a stone vessel found in a Theban tomb. For all these objects it is arguable that they were traded to Upper Egypt.[22] More problematic is a block with the king's name found at Gebelein. The block had been taken as evidence for building activity of the king in Upper Egypt and, hence, seen as proof that the Hyksos also ruled in Upper Egypt. However, the block is not very big and many scholars argue today, that it might have reached Gebelein after the looting of the Hyksos capital and is no proof of a Hyksos reign in Upper Egypt.[22]
The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus is dated to Year 33 of Apepi or Apophis while the Turin Kinglist assigns 40+ years to a Hyksos ruler who is most likely Apophis[23] although his name is lost in a lacuna.
A scarab bearing the prenomen of this king was discovered in Tell el-Ajjul, Gaza Strip and catalogued by Flinders Petrie in 1933.[24]
العائلة
Two sisters are known: Tani and Ziwat. Tani is mentioned on a door of a shrine in Avaris and on the stand of an offering table (Berlin 22487). She was the sister of the king. Ziwat is mentioned on a bowl found in Spain.[25]
A 'Prince Apepi', named on a seal (now in Berlin) is likely to have been his son. Apepi also had a daughter, named Herit: a vase belonging to her was found in a tomb at Thebes, sometimes regarded as the one of king Amenhotep I,[26] which might indicate that at some point his daughter was married to a Theban king.[27] The vase, however, could have been an item which was looted from Avaris after the eventual victory over the Hyksos by Ahmose I.
انظر أيضا
المصادر
- ^ Thomas Schneider: Ancient Egyptian Chronology - Edited by Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, and David A. Warburton, available online, see p. 492
- ^ Grimal, Nicholas. A History of Ancient Egypt. p.192. Librairie Arthéme Fayard, 1988
- ^ Ibid. p.193. Librairie Arthéme Fayard, 1988
- ^ Ibid. p.193. Librairie Arthéme Fayard, 1988
- ^ Grimal, Nicholas. A History of Ancient Egypt. p.192. Librairie Arthéme Fayard, 1988
- ^ Ibid. p.193. Librairie Arthéme Fayard, 1988
- ^ Ibid. p.193. Librairie Arthéme Fayard, 1988
- ^ Apophis: Titulary Archived يونيو 2, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Kim Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period c.1800-1550 B.C." by Museum Tusculanum Press. 1997. p.125
- ^ Kings of the Second Intermediate Period University College London; scroll down to the 15th dynasty
- ^ Apophis:Titulary Archived يونيو 2, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Cairo Catalogue Generale 23073; Kamal, Tables d'offrandes I, 61
- ^ London BM 339
- ^ O'Connor 2009, pp. 116-117.
- ^ Wilkinson, Toby (2013). Lives of the Ancient Egyptians (in الإنجليزية). Thames and Hudson Limited. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-500-77162-4.
- ^ Daressy, George (1900). Annales du Service des antiquités de l'Egypte. Le Caire : Impr. de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale. pp. 115 ff.
- ^ أ ب Grimal, p.193
- ^ Ryholt, p.256
- ^ Assmann (2008, pp. 48, 151 n. 25), translating "The Quarrel of Apophis and Seqenenre", Papyrus Sallier I, 1.2–3 (British Museum No. 10185). Gardiner, Alan H., ed. (1932). "The Quarrel of Apophis and Seḳnentēr". Late-Egyptian Stories. Bibliotheca Aegptiaca. Vol. I. Bruxelles: Fondation Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth. p. 85.
- ^ Assmann 2008, pp. 47–48.
- ^ Manassa, Colleen (November 2013). Imagining the Past: Historical Fiction in New Kingdom Egypt. Oxford University Press. pp. 49–. ISBN 978-0-19-998222-6.
- ^ أ ب D. Polz: Die Hyksos-Blöcke aus Gebelên; zur Präsenz der Hyksos in Oberägypten, in: E. Czerny, I. Hein, H. Hunger, D. Melman, A. Schwab (editors): Timelines, Studies in Honour of Manfred Bietak, Leuven, Paris, dudley, MA ISBN 978-90-429-1730-9, p. 244-245
- ^ Ryholt
- ^ Flinders, Petrie (1933). Ancient Gaza Chapter III: Scarabs Tell El Ajjul (London, 1933).
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Ryholt, p.256-267
- ^ H. Carter: Report on the tomb of Zeser-ka-ra Amenhetep I, discovered by the Earl of Carnavon in 1914, in: Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 3 (1916), pl. XXI.1
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةGrimal, p.189
| سبقه: أبو فيس الأول |
فرعون الأسرة خامسة عشر ؟ |
لحقه: خامودي |
 | هذا المقال عن علم المصريات أو مواضيع متعلقة بمصر القديمة هو بذرة. بإمكانك مساعدة المعرفة تنميتها. |