هيئة وادي تنسي

Tennessee Valley Authority
النوعState-owned enterprise
الصناعةElectric utility
تأسست18 سبتمبر 1933 (1933-69-18)
المقر الرئيسيKnoxville, Tennessee, U.S.
الأشخاص الرئيسيون
John Ryder, Chair[1]
Jeff Lyash, CEO[2]
الدخل$11.2 billion USD (FY 2018 ending September 30, 2018)
$1.12 billion USD (FY 2018)
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.tva.com
TVA Towers, TVA's headquarters in downtown Knoxville, overlooking the Tennessee River

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a federally owned corporation in the United States created by congressional charter on May 18, 1933, to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development to the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly affected by the Great Depression. Senator George W. Norris (R-Nebraska) was a strong sponsor of this project. TVA was envisioned not only as a provider, but also as a regional economic development agency that would use federal experts and rural electrification to help modernize the rural region's economy and society.[3]

TVA's service area covers most of Tennessee, portions of Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, and small slices of Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia. It was the first large regional planning agency of the federal government and remains the largest. Under the leadership of David E. Lilienthal ("Mr. TVA"), the TVA became a model for the United States' later efforts to help modernize agrarian societies in the developing world.[4] In later decades, hydropower's share fell to 10% of TVA's power production (2018).

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التشغيل

Tennessee Valley Authority Surplus/Deficit
Wilson Dam, completed in 1924, was the first dam under the authority of TVA, created in 1933.

The Tennessee Valley Authority was initially founded as an agency to provide general economic development to the region through power generation, flood control, navigation assistance, fertilizer manufacturing, and agricultural development. Since the Depression years, it has developed primarily into a power utility. Despite its shares being owned by the federal government, TVA operates like a private corporation, and receives no taxpayer funding.[5] The TVA Act authorizes the company to use eminent domain.[6]


التاريخ

التاريخ المبكر

President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the TVA Act
TVA's first board (L to R): Harcourt Morgan, Arthur E. Morgan, and David E. Lilienthal

المواقع الكبرى

To qualify for a TVA Megasite certificate the qualifications are at least 1,000 acres, with interstate access, the potential for rail service, environmental impact study, and utility service capable of serving a major manufacturing facility. Seven TVA Megasites have been developed so far with capital investments of over $5 billion.[7]

الأماكن:

انتقادات

Allegations of federal government overreach

TVA was heralded by New Dealers and the New Deal Coalition not only as a successful economic development program for a depressed area but also as a democratic nation-building effort overseas because of its alleged grassroots inclusiveness as articulated by director David E. Lilienthal. However, the TVA was controversial early on, as some believed its creation was an overreach by the federal government.

Ronald Reagan, fired by General Electric after criticizing TVA.


انظر أيضاً

References

  1. ^ "Board of Directors". TVA (in الإنجليزية).
  2. ^ Gaines, Jim (فبراير 14, 2019). "TVA names president of Canadian utility as new CEO to replace outgoing Bill Johnson". Knoxville News Sentinel. Knoxville, Tennessee. Retrieved ديسمبر 5, 2019.
  3. ^ Neuse & McElvaine 2004, pp. 972–979.
  4. ^ Ekbladh, David (Summer 2002). ""Mr. TVA": Grass-Roots Development, David Lilienthal, and the Rise and Fall of the Tennessee Valley Authority as a Symbol for U.S. Overseas Development, 1933–1973". Diplomatic History. 26 (3): 335–374. doi:10.1111/1467-7709.00315. ISSN 1467-7709. OCLC 772657716.
  5. ^ "About TVA". tva.gov. Tennessee Valley Authority. 2018. Retrieved يناير 7, 2018.
  6. ^ "The TVA and the Relocation of Mattie Randolph". Archives.gov. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved مارس 4, 2019.
  7. ^ Mattson-Teig, Beth (Summer 2013). "Mega Sites Lure Big Fish". Area Development (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved مارس 19, 2018.
  8. ^ Underwood, Jerry (يونيو 15, 2016). "TVA certification primes Huntsville Mega Site for development". Made in Alabama (in الإنجليزية). Montgomery: Alabama Department of Commerce. Retrieved مارس 19, 2018.
  9. ^ Smith, Slim (نوفمبر 18, 2015). "Higgins: Lowndes shooting for third TVA megasite". The Commercial Dispatch (in الإنجليزية). Columbus, MS. Retrieved مارس 19, 2018. If it is certified, the 1,200-acre site near the Golden Triangle Regional Airport will be the third megasite in the area.

Bibliography


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External links

قالب:Tennessee Valley Authority Facilities