قائمة رؤساء وزراء إيطاليا
_-_Cavour_cropped.jpg&filetimestamp=20230612171707&)
_cropped.jpg)
- Top left: Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour was the first prime minister of the مملكة إيطاليا.
- Top right: Benito Mussolini was the longest-serving prime minister in Italian history.
- Bottom left: Silvio Berlusconi was the longest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic.
- Bottom right: Giorgia Meloni is the current prime minister of Italy as well as the first woman to hold the office.
The prime minister of Italy is the head of the Council of Ministers, which holds effective executive power in the Italian government.[1][2] The first officeholder was Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, who was sworn in on 23 March 1861 after the unification of Italy.[3] Cavour previously served as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, an office from which the Italian prime minister took most of its powers and duties.[4] During the monarchy period, prime ministers were appointed by the king of Italy, as laid down in the Albertine Statute.[5] From 1925 until the fall of his regime in 1943, fascist dictator Benito Mussolini formally modified the office title to "Head of Government, Prime Minister and Secretary of State".[6] From 1861 to 1946, 30 men served as prime ministers, leading 67 governments in total.[7]
After the abolition of the Kingdom of Italy in 1946 and the proclamation of the Italian Republic, the office was established by Articles 92 through 96 of the Constitution of Italy. Alcide De Gasperi is the only prime minister who has held this position both in the Kingdom of Italy and in the Republic of Italy.
The prime minister is appointed by the President of the Republic and must receive a confidence vote by both houses of Parliament: the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.[8] From 1946 to 2022, in the first 76 years after the creation of the Republic, 30 men served as prime ministers.[9][10] The current officeholder is Giorgia Meloni, who was appointed on 22 October 2022, becoming the first woman to hold this office.[11][12]
The longest-serving prime minister in the history of Italy was Benito Mussolini, who ruled the country from 1922 until 1943;[13] the longest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic is Silvio Berlusconi, who held the position for more than nine years between 1994 and 2011.[14] The shortest-serving officeholder was Tommaso Tittoni, who served as prime minister for only 16 days in 1905,[15] while the shortest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic was Fernando Tambroni, who governed for 123 days in 1960.[16]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
رؤساء وزراء إيطاليا
رؤساء وزراء مملكة إيطاليا (1861–1946)
الأحزاب:[أ]
- 1861–1912:
- اليمين التاريخي
- اليسار التاريخي
- Military
- 1912–1922:
- Liberal Union / Italian Liberal Party
- Italian Radical Party
- Italian Reformist Socialist Party
- 1922–1943:
- National Fascist Party
الائتلافات:[ب]
- 1861–1912:
- Rightist coalition
- Leftist coalition
- Mixed coalition
- 1912–1922:
- Liberal coalition
- 1922–1943:
- Fascist government
- 1943–1946:
- National Liberation Committee
- Mixed coalition
الاختصارات:
- Right: اليمين التاريخي
- Left: اليسار التاريخي
- PSI/PSIUP: Italian Socialist Party
- PR: Italian Radical Party
- UL: Liberal Union
- PRI: Italian Republican Party
- UECI: Italian Catholic Electoral Union
- PSRI: Italian Reformist Socialist Party
- PLDI: Italian Democratic Liberal Party
- PPI: Italian People's Party
- PDSI: Italian Social Democratic Party
- PLI: Italian Liberal Party
- PA: Agrarian Party
- PNF: National Fascist Party
- ANI: Italian Nationalist Association
- DC: Christian Democracy
- PCI: Italian Communist Party
- PdA: Action Party
- PDL: Labour Democratic Party
الرموز:
توفي في المنصب
| پورتريه | الاسم (ميلاد–وفاة) |
مدة المنصب | الحزب | الحكومة | التشكيل | المجلس التشريعي (انتخاب) |
الملك (عهد) |
Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| تولى المنصب | غادر المنصب | الوقت في المنصب | |||||||||
|
Count Camillo Benso di Cavour (1810–1861) |
23 مارس 1861 |
6 June 1861
|
75 يوم | اليمين التاريخي | Cavour IV[ت] | اليمين | VIII[ت] (1861) |
Victor Emmanuel II[ت] (1861–1878) |
[17] | |
|
Baron Bettino Ricasoli (1809–1880) |
12 June 1861 |
3 March 1862 |
264 يوم | اليمين التاريخي | Ricasoli I | اليمين | [18] | |||
|
Urbano Rattazzi (1808–1873) |
3 March 1862 |
8 December 1862 |
280 يوم | اليسار التاريخي | Rattazzi I | اليمين • اليسار | [19] | |||
|
Luigi Carlo Farini (1812–1866) |
8 December 1862 |
24 March 1863 |
106 يوم | اليمين التاريخي | Farini | اليمين | [20] | |||
|
Marco Minghetti (1818–1886) |
24 March 1863 |
28 September 1864 |
1 سنة, 188 يوم | اليمين التاريخي | Minghetti I | اليمين | [21] | |||
|
General Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora (1804–1878) |
28 September 1864 |
31 December 1865 |
1 سنة, 265 يوم | Military | La Marmora II | اليمين | [22] [23] | |||
| 31 December 1865 |
20 June 1866 |
La Marmora III | IX (1865) | ||||||||
|
|
Baron Bettino Ricasoli (1809–1880) |
20 June 1866 |
10 April 1867 |
294 يوم | اليمين التاريخي | Ricasoli II | اليمين • اليسار | [24] | |||
|
|
Urbano Rattazzi (1808–1873) |
10 April 1867 |
27 October 1867 |
200 يوم | اليسار التاريخي | Rattazzi II | اليمين • اليسار | X (1867) |
[25] | ||
|
Count Luigi Federico Menabrea (1809–1896) |
27 October 1867 |
5 January 1868 |
1 سنة, 48 يوم | اليمين التاريخي | Menabrea I | اليمين | [26] [27] [28] | |||
| 5 January 1868 |
13 May 1869 |
Menabrea II | |||||||||
| 13 May 1869 |
14 December 1869 |
Menabrea III | |||||||||
|
Giovanni Lanza (1810–1882) |
14 December 1869 |
10 July 1873 |
3 سنة, 208 يوم | اليمين التاريخي | Lanza | اليمين | XI (1870) |
[29] | ||
|
|
Marco Minghetti (1818–1886) |
10 July 1873 |
25 March 1876 |
2 سنة, 259 يوم | اليمين التاريخي | Minghetti II | اليمين | XII (1874) |
[30] | ||
|
Agostino Depretis (1813–1887) |
25 March 1876 |
25 December 1877 |
1 سنة, 364 يوم | اليسار التاريخي | Depretis I | اليسار | XIII (1876) |
[31] [32] | ||
| 26 December 1877 |
24 March 1878 |
Depretis II | Umberto I (1878–1900) | ||||||||
|
Benedetto Cairoli (1825–1889) |
24 March 1878 |
19 December 1878 |
270 يوم | اليسار التاريخي | Cairoli I | اليسار | [33] | |||
|
|
Agostino Depretis (1813–1887) |
19 December 1878 |
14 July 1879 |
214 يوم | اليسار التاريخي | Depretis III | اليسار | [34] | |||
|
|
Benedetto Cairoli (1825–1889) |
14 July 1879 |
25 November 1879 |
1 سنة, 319 يوم | اليسار التاريخي | Cairoli II | اليسار | [35] [36] | |||
| 25 November 1879 |
29 May 1881 |
Cairoli III | XIV (1880) | ||||||||
|
|
Agostino Depretis (1813–1887) |
29 May 1881 |
25 May 1883 |
6 سنة, 61 يوم | اليسار التاريخي | Depretis IV | اليسار | [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] | |||
| 25 May 1883 |
30 March 1884 |
Depretis V | XV (1882) | ||||||||
| 30 March 1884 |
29 June 1885 |
Depretis VI | |||||||||
| 29 June 1885 |
4 April 1887 |
Depretis VII | XVI (1886) | ||||||||
| 4 April 1887 |
29 July 1887
|
Depretis VIII | |||||||||
|
Francesco Crispi (1819–1901) |
29 July 1887 |
9 March 1889 |
3 سنة, 192 يوم | اليسار التاريخي | Crispi I | اليسار | [42] [43] | |||
| 9 March 1889 |
6 February 1891 |
Crispi II | XVII (1890) | ||||||||
|
Marquess Antonio Starabba di Rudinì (1839–1908) |
6 February 1891 |
15 May 1892 |
1 سنة, 99 يوم | اليمين التاريخي | Di Rudinì I | اليسار • اليمين | [44] | |||
.jpg&filetimestamp=20230612171813&)
|
Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928) |
15 May 1892 |
15 December 1893 |
1 سنة, 214 يوم | اليسار التاريخي | Giolitti I | اليسار | XVIII (1892) |
[45] | ||
|
|
Francesco Crispi (1819–1901) |
15 December 1893 |
14 June 1894 |
2 سنة, 86 يوم | اليسار التاريخي | Crispi III | اليسار • اليمين | [46] [47] | |||
| 14 June 1894 |
10 March 1896 |
Crispi IV | XIX (1895) | ||||||||
|
|
Marquess Antonio Starabba di Rudinì (1839–1908) |
10 March 1896 |
11 July 1896 |
2 سنة, 111 يوم | اليمين التاريخي | Di Rudinì II | اليمين with اليسار's external support |
[48] [49] [50] [51] | |||
| 11 July 1896 |
14 December 1897 |
Di Rudinì III | |||||||||
| 14 December 1897 |
1 June 1898 |
Di Rudinì IV | اليسار • اليمين | XX (1897) | |||||||
| 1 June 1898 |
29 June 1898 |
Di Rudinì V | اليسار • اليمين | ||||||||
|
General Luigi Pelloux (1839–1924) |
29 June 1898 |
14 May 1899 |
1 سنة, 360 يوم | Military | Pelloux I | اليسار with اليمين's external support |
[52] [53] | |||
| 14 May 1899 |
24 June 1900 |
Pelloux II | اليسار • اليمين | ||||||||
|
Giuseppe Saracco (1821–1907) |
24 June 1900 |
15 February 1901 |
236 يوم | اليسار التاريخي | Saracco | اليسار • اليمين | XXI (1900) |
Victor Emmanuel III (1900–1946) |
[54] | |
|
Giuseppe Zanardelli (1826–1903) |
15 February 1901 |
3 November 1903 |
2 سنة, 261 يوم | اليسار التاريخي | Zanardelli | اليسار • اليمين | [55] | |||
|
Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928) |
3 November 1903 |
12 March 1905 |
1 سنة, 129 يوم | اليسار التاريخي | Giolitti II | اليسار • اليمين with PSI's external support |
XXII (1904) |
[56] | ||
.jpg&filetimestamp=20230612171746&)
|
Tommaso Tittoni (1855–1931) |
12 March 1905 |
28 March 1905 |
16 يوم | اليمين التاريخي | Tittoni | اليسار • اليمين | [57] | |||
.jpg&filetimestamp=20230612171740&)
|
Alessandro Fortis (1842–1909) |
28 March 1905 |
24 December 1905 |
317 يوم | اليسار التاريخي | Fortis I | اليسار • اليمين | [58] [59] | |||
| 24 December 1905 |
8 February 1906 |
Fortis II | اليسار with اليمين's external support | ||||||||
|
Baron Sidney Sonnino (1847–1922) |
8 February 1906 |
29 May 1906 |
110 يوم | اليمين التاريخي | Sonnino I | اليسار • اليمين • PR | [60] | |||
|
|
Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928) |
29 May 1906 |
11 December 1909 |
3 سنة, 196 يوم | اليسار التاريخي | Giolitti III | اليسار • اليمين | [61] | |||
|
|
Baron Sidney Sonnino (1847–1922) |
11 December 1909 |
31 March 1910 |
110 يوم | اليمين التاريخي | Sonnino II | اليمين with اليسار's external support |
XXIII (1909) |
[62] | ||
|
Luigi Luzzatti (1841–1927) |
31 March 1910 |
30 March 1911 |
364 يوم | اليمين التاريخي | Luzzatti | اليسار • اليمين • PR | [63] | |||
|
|
Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928) |
30 March 1911 |
21 March 1914 |
2 سنة, 356 يوم | Liberal Union | Giolitti IV | UL • PR | [64] | |||
|
Antonio Salandra (1853–1931) |
21 March 1914 |
5 November 1914 |
2 سنة, 89 يوم | Liberal Union | Salandra I | UL | XXIV (1913) |
[65] [66] | ||
| 5 November 1914 |
18 June 1916 |
Salandra II | UL • PRI | ||||||||
|
Paolo Boselli (1838–1932) |
18 June 1916 |
30 October 1917 |
1 سنة, 134 يوم | Liberal Union | Boselli | UL • PR • UECI • PSRI | [67] | |||
|
Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (1860–1952) |
30 October 1917 |
23 June 1919 |
1 سنة, 236 يوم | Liberal Union | Orlando | UL • PR • UECI • PSRI | [68] | |||
.png&filetimestamp=20230612171846&)
|
Francesco Saverio Nitti (1868–1953) |
23 June 1919 |
21 May 1920 |
358 يوم | Italian Radical Party | Nitti I | UL • PLDI • PPI • PR • PSRI | [69] [70] | |||
| 21 May 1920 |
15 June 1920 |
Nitti II | UL • PLDI • PPI • PR | XXV (1919) | |||||||
.png&filetimestamp=20230612171840&)
|
Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928) |
15 June 1920 |
4 July 1921 |
1 سنة, 19 يوم | Liberal Union | Giolitti V | UL • PLDI • PPI • PDSI • PR • PSRI | [71] | |||
|
Ivanoe Bonomi (1873–1951) |
4 July 1921 |
26 February 1922 |
237 يوم | Italian Reformist Socialist Party | Bonomi I | PPI • PLI • PLDI • PDSI • PSRI | XXVI (1921) |
[72] | ||
|
Luigi Facta (1861–1930) |
26 February 1922 |
1 August 1922 |
247 يوم | Italian Liberal Party | Facta I | PPI • PLI • PLDI • PDSI • PSRI • PA | [73] [74] | |||
| 1 August 1922 | 31 October 1922 | Facta II | PPI • PLI • PLDI • PDSI • PSRI | ||||||||
.jpg&filetimestamp=20230612171702&)
|
Duce Benito Mussolini (1883–1945) |
31 October 1922 |
25 July 1943 |
20 سنة, 267 يوم | National Fascist Party | Mussolini | PPI • PLI • PDSI • PNF • ANI | [75] | |||
| PNF | XXVII (1924) | ||||||||||
| XXVIII (1929) | |||||||||||
| XXIX (1934) | |||||||||||
| XXX (no election) | |||||||||||
|
Marshal Pietro Badoglio (1871–1956) |
25 July 1943 |
24 April 1944 |
329 يوم | Military | Badoglio I | Independents • DC • PLI | Parliament abolished | [76] [77] | ||
| 24 April 1944 |
18 June 1944 |
Badoglio II | DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL | ||||||||
|
Ivanoe Bonomi (1873–1951) |
18 June 1944 |
12 December 1944 |
1 سنة, 3 يوم | Labour Democratic Party | Bonomi II | DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL | [78] [79] | |||
| 12 December 1944 |
21 June 1945 |
Bonomi III | DC • PCI • PLI • PDL | ||||||||
|
Ferruccio Parri (1890–1981) |
21 June 1945 |
10 December 1945 |
172 يوم | Action Party | Parri | DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL | National Council | [80] | ||
|
Alcide De Gasperi (1881–1954) |
10 December 1945 |
13 July 1946 |
212 يوم | Christian Democracy | De Gasperi I | DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL | Umberto II (1946) |
[81] | ||
- ^ Colors in the "Party" column indicate the party to which a prime minister belongs.
- ^ Colors in the "Cabinet" and "Composition" columns indicate the governing coalition.
- ^ أ ب ت After the Italian unification, the regnal number of King Victor Emmanuel, as well as the numbering for governments and legislatures, were taken in continuation with the corresponding numbers in the Kingdom of Sardinia.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prime ministers of the Italian Republic (1946–present)
Parties:[أ]
Coalitions:[ب]
- 1946–1994:
- National Liberation Committee
- Centrist coalition
- Organic centre-left
- Pentapartito / Quadripartito
- Mixed coalition
- 1994–present:
- Centre-right coalition
- Centre-left coalition
- Mixed coalition
Acronyms and abbreviations:
- DC: Christian Democracy
- PSI/PSIUP: Italian Socialist Party
- PCI: Italian Communist Party
- PRI: Italian Republican Party
- PDL: Labour Democratic Party
- PSDI: Italian Democratic Socialist Party
- PLI: Italian Liberal Party
- PDS: Democratic Party of the Left
- FdV: Federation of the Greens
- FI: Forza Italia
- LN: Northern League
- AN: National Alliance
- CCD: Christian Democratic Centre
- UdC: Union of the Centre (1993)
- PPI: Italian People's Party
- RI: Italian Renewal
- UD: Democratic Union
- PRC: Communist Refoundation Party
- DS: Democrats of the Left
- SDI: Italian Democratic Socialists
- PdCI: Party of Italian Communists
- UDR: Democratic Union for the Republic
- Dem: The Democrats
- UDEUR: Union of Democrats for Europe
- UDC: Union of the Centre (2002)
- NPSI: New Italian Socialist Party
- DL: The Daisy
- RnP: Rose in the Fist
- IdV: Italy of Values
- PdL: The People of Freedom
- MpA: Movement for the Autonomies
- PD: Democratic Party
- FLI: Future and Freedom
- NCD: New Centre-Right
- SC: Civic Choice
- PpI: Populars for Italy
- RI: Italian Radicals
- AP: Popular Alternative
- CpE: Centrists for Europe
- M5S: Five Star Movement
- Lega: League
- Art.1: Article One
- IV: Italia Viva
- IpF: Together for the Future
- A: Action
- FdI: Brothers of Italy
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Government | Composition | Legislature (Election) |
President (Tenure) |
Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||||
|
|
Alcide De Gasperi (1881–1954) |
13 July 1946 |
2 February 1947 |
7 سنة, 35 يوم | Christian Democracy | De Gasperi II | DC • PSIUP • PCI • PRI | Constituent Assembly (1946) |
Enrico De Nicola .jpg&filetimestamp=20230612171946&) (1946–1948) |
[82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] | |
| 2 February 1947 |
1 June 1947 |
De Gasperi III | DC • PSI • PCI • PDL | ||||||||
| 1 June 1947 |
24 May 1948 |
De Gasperi IV | Centrism DC • PSDI • PLI • PRI | ||||||||
| 24 May 1948 |
27 January 1950 |
De Gasperi V | I (1948) |
Luigi Einaudi (1948–1955) | |||||||
| 27 January 1950 |
26 July 1951 |
De Gasperi VI | Centrism DC • PSDI • PRI | ||||||||
| 26 July 1951 |
16 July 1953 |
De Gasperi VII | Centrism DC • PRI | ||||||||
| 16 July 1953 |
17 August 1953 |
De Gasperi VIII[ت] | DC | II (1953) | |||||||
|
Giuseppe Pella (1902–1981) |
17 August 1953 |
19 January 1954 |
155 يوم | Christian Democracy | Pella | DC | [89] | |||
|
Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999) |
19 January 1954 |
10 February 1954 |
22 يوم | Christian Democracy | Fanfani I[ت] | DC | [90] | |||
|
Mario Scelba (1901–1991) |
10 February 1954 |
6 July 1955 |
1 سنة, 146 يوم | Christian Democracy | Scelba | Centrism DC • PSDI • PLI |
[91] | |||
|
Antonio Segni (1891–1972) |
6 July 1955 |
20 May 1957 |
1 سنة, 318 يوم | Christian Democracy | Segni I | Centrism DC • PSDI • PLI |
Giovanni Gronchi  (1955–1962) |
[92] | ||
|
Adone Zoli (1887–1960) |
20 May 1957 |
2 July 1958 |
1 سنة, 43 يوم | Christian Democracy | Zoli | DC | [93] | |||
|
|
Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999) |
2 July 1958 |
16 February 1959 |
229 يوم | Christian Democracy | Fanfani II | Centrism DC • PSDI |
III (1958) |
[94] | ||
|
|
Antonio Segni (1891–1972) |
16 February 1959 |
26 March 1960 |
1 سنة, 39 يوم | Christian Democracy | Segni II | DC | [95] | |||
|
Fernando Tambroni (1901–1963) |
26 March 1960 |
27 July 1960 |
123 يوم | Christian Democracy | Tambroni | DC | [96] | |||
|
|
Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999) |
27 July 1960 |
22 February 1962 |
2 سنة, 330 يوم | Christian Democracy | Fanfani III | DC | [97] [98] | |||
| 22 February 1962 |
22 June 1963 |
Fanfani IV | DC • PSDI • PRI | Antonio Segni (1962–1964) | |||||||
|
Giovanni Leone (1908–2001) |
22 June 1963 |
5 December 1963 |
166 يوم | Christian Democracy | Leone I | DC | IV (1963) |
[99] | ||
|
Aldo Moro (1916–1978) |
5 December 1963 |
23 July 1964 |
4 سنة, 203 يوم | Christian Democracy | Moro I | Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI |
[100] [101] [102] | |||
| 23 July 1964 |
24 February 1966 |
Moro II | Giuseppe Saragat .jpg&filetimestamp=20230612171907&) (1964–1971) | ||||||||
| 24 February 1966 |
25 June 1968 |
Moro III | |||||||||
|
|
Giovanni Leone (1908–2001) |
25 June 1968 |
13 December 1968 |
171 يوم | Christian Democracy | Leone II | DC | V (1968) |
[103] | ||
|
Mariano Rumor (1915–1990) |
13 December 1968 |
6 August 1969 |
1 سنة, 236 يوم | Christian Democracy | Rumor I | Organic centre-left DC • PSU • PRI |
[104] [105] [106] | |||
| 6 August 1969 |
28 March 1970 |
Rumor II | DC | ||||||||
| 28 March 1970 |
6 August 1970 |
Rumor III | Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI | ||||||||
|
Emilio Colombo (1920–2013) |
6 August 1970 |
18 February 1972 |
1 سنة, 196 يوم | Christian Democracy | Colombo | Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI |
[107] | |||
|
Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013) |
18 February 1972 |
26 June 1972 |
1 سنة, 140 يوم | Christian Democracy | Andreotti I[ت] | DC | Giovanni Leone  (1971–1978) |
[108] [109] | ||
| 26 June 1972 |
8 July 1973 |
Andreotti II | DC • PSDI • PLI | VI (1972) | |||||||
|
|
Mariano Rumor (1915–1990) |
8 July 1973 |
15 March 1974 |
1 سنة, 138 يوم | Christian Democracy | Rumor IV | Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI |
[110] [111] | |||
| 15 March 1974 |
23 November 1974 |
Rumor V | Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI | ||||||||
|
|
Aldo Moro (1916–1978) |
23 November 1974 |
12 February 1976 |
1 سنة, 250 يوم | Christian Democracy | Moro IV | DC • PRI | [112] [113] | |||
| 12 February 1976 |
30 July 1976 |
Moro V | DC | ||||||||
|
|
Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013) |
30 July 1976 |
13 March 1978 |
3 سنة, 6 يوم | Christian Democracy | Andreotti III | Historic Compromise DC |
VII (1976) |
[114] [115] [116] | ||
| 13 March 1978 |
21 March 1979 |
Andreotti IV | Sandro Pertini (1978–1985) | ||||||||
| 21 March 1979 |
5 August 1979 |
Andreotti V[ت] | DC • PSDI • PRI | ||||||||
|
Francesco Cossiga (1928–2010) |
5 August 1979 |
4 April 1980 |
1 سنة, 74 يوم | Christian Democracy | Cossiga I | DC • PSDI • PLI | VIII (1979) |
[117] [118] | ||
| 4 April 1980 |
18 October 1980 |
Cossiga II | Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PRI | ||||||||
|
Arnaldo Forlani (born 1925) |
18 October 1980 |
28 June 1981 |
253 يوم | Christian Democracy | Forlani | Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI |
[119] | |||
|
Giovanni Spadolini (1925–1994) |
28 June 1981 |
23 August 1982 |
1 سنة, 156 يوم | Italian Republican Party | Spadolini I | Pentapartito DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI • PLI |
[120] [121] | |||
| 23 August 1982 |
1 December 1982 |
Spadolini II | |||||||||
|
Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999) |
1 December 1982 |
4 August 1983 |
246 يوم | Christian Democracy | Fanfani V | DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI | [122] | |||
|
Bettino Craxi (1934–2000) |
4 August 1983 |
1 August 1986 |
3 سنة, 257 يوم | Italian Socialist Party | Craxi I | Pentapartito DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI |
IX (1983) |
[123] [124] | ||
| 1 August 1986 |
18 April 1987 |
Craxi II | Francesco Cossiga (1985–1992) | ||||||||
|
|
Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999) |
18 April 1987 |
29 July 1987 |
102 يوم | Christian Democracy | Fanfani VI[ت] | DC | [98] | |||
|
Giovanni Goria (1943–1994) |
29 July 1987 |
13 April 1988 |
259 يوم | Christian Democracy | Goria | Pentapartito DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI |
X (1987) |
[125] | ||
.jpg&filetimestamp=20230612172118&)
|
Ciriaco De Mita (1928–2022) |
13 April 1988 |
23 July 1989 |
1 سنة, 101 يوم | Christian Democracy | De Mita | Pentapartito DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI |
[126] | |||
.jpg&filetimestamp=20230612172113&)
|
Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013) |
23 July 1989 |
13 April 1991 |
2 سنة, 341 يوم | Christian Democracy | Andreotti VI | Pentapartito DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI |
[127] [128] | |||
| 13 April 1991 |
28 June 1992 |
Andreotti VII | Quadripartito DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI | ||||||||
|
Giuliano Amato (born 1938) |
28 June 1992 |
28 April 1993 |
304 يوم | Italian Socialist Party | Amato I | Quadripartito DC • PSI • PLI • PSDI |
XI (1992) |
Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (1992–1999) |
[129] | |
|
Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1920–2016) |
28 April 1993 |
11 May 1994 |
1 سنة, 13 يوم | Independent | Ciampi | DC • PSI • PDS[ث] • PLI • PRI • PSDI • FdV[ث] | [130] | |||
|
Silvio Berlusconi (1936–2023) |
11 May 1994 |
17 January 1995 |
251 يوم | Forza Italia | Berlusconi I | PdL–PBG FI • LN • AN • CCD • UdC |
XII (1994) |
[131] | ||
|
Lamberto Dini (born 1931) |
17 January 1995 |
18 May 1996 |
1 سنة, 122 يوم | Independent | Dini | Independents | [132] | |||
.jpg&filetimestamp=20230612172040&)
|
Romano Prodi (born 1939) |
18 May 1996 |
21 October 1998 |
2 سنة, 156 يوم | Independent[ج] | Prodi I | The Olive Tree PDS • PPI • RI • FdV • UD |
XIII (1996) |
[133] | ||
|
Massimo D'Alema (born 1949) |
21 October 1998 |
22 December 1999 |
1 سنة, 188 يوم | Democrats of the Left | D'Alema I | The Olive Tree DS • PPI • RI • SDI • FdV • PdCI • UDR |
[134] [135] | |||
| 22 December 1999 |
26 April 2000 |
D'Alema II | The Olive Tree DS • PPI • Dem • RI • FdV • PdCI • UDEUR |
Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1999–2006) | |||||||
.jpg&filetimestamp=20230612172029&)
|
Giuliano Amato (born 1938) |
26 April 2000 |
11 June 2001 |
1 سنة, 46 يوم | Independent[ج] | Amato II | The Olive Tree DS • PPI • Dem • FdV • PdCI • UDEUR • RI • SDI |
[136] | |||
|
Silvio Berlusconi (1936–2023) |
11 June 2001 |
23 April 2005 |
4 سنة, 340 يوم | Forza Italia | Berlusconi II | House of Freedoms FI • AN • LN • UDC • NPSI • PRI |
XIV (2001) |
[137] [138] | ||
| 23 April 2005 |
17 May 2006 |
Berlusconi III | |||||||||
|
Romano Prodi (born 1939) |
17 May 2006 |
8 May 2008 |
1 سنة, 357 يوم | Independent / Democratic Party |
Prodi II | The Union DS • DL • PRC • RnP • PdCI • IdV • FdV • UDEUR |
XV (2006) |
Giorgio Napolitano (2006–2015) |
[139] | |
|
Silvio Berlusconi (1936–2023) |
8 May 2008 |
16 November 2011 |
3 سنة, 192 يوم | The People of Freedom | Berlusconi IV | Centre-right coalition PdL • LN • MpA |
XVI (2008) |
[140] | ||
|
Mario Monti (born 1943) |
16 November 2011 |
28 April 2013 |
1 سنة, 163 يوم | Independent | Monti | Independents | [141] | |||
|
Enrico Letta (born 1966) |
28 April 2013 |
22 February 2014 |
300 يوم | Democratic Party | Letta | PD • PdL[ح] • NCD[خ] • SC • PpI • UDC • RI | XVII (2013) |
[142] | ||
.jpg)
|
Matteo Renzi (born 1975) |
22 February 2014 |
12 December 2016 |
2 سنة, 294 يوم | Democratic Party | Renzi | PD • NCD • SC • UDC | [143] | |||
.jpg&filetimestamp=20230612172135&)
|
Paolo Gentiloni (born 1954) |
12 December 2016 |
1 June 2018 |
1 سنة, 171 يوم | Democratic Party | Gentiloni | PD • NCD/AP • CpE | Sergio Mattarella.jpg&filetimestamp=20230612172130&) (2015–present) |
[144] | ||
.jpg)
|
Giuseppe Conte (born 1964) |
1 June 2018 |
5 September 2019 |
2 سنة, 257 يوم | Independent[د] | Conte I | M5S • Lega | XVIII (2018) |
[145] [146] | ||
| 5 September 2019 |
13 February 2021 |
Conte II | M5S • PD • Art.1 • IV[ذ] | ||||||||
|
Mario Draghi (born 1947) |
13 February 2021 |
22 October 2022 |
1 سنة, 251 يوم | Independent | Draghi | M5S • Lega • PD • FI • IpF[ر] • IV • Art.1 • A[ز] | [147] | |||
|
Giorgia Meloni (born 1977) |
22 October 2022 |
Incumbent | 1 سنة, 214 يوم | Brothers of Italy | Meloni | Centre-right coalition FdI • Lega • FI |
XIX (2022) |
[148] | ||
- ^ Colors in the "Party" column indicate the party to which a prime minister belongs.
- ^ Colors in the "Cabinet" and "Composition" columns indicate the governing coalition.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج The cabinet did not receive the confidence of the Parliament.
- ^ أ ب Until 4 May 1993
- ^ أ ب Within The Olive Tree coalition
- ^ Until November 2013
- ^ From November 2013
- ^ Close to the Five Star Movement
- ^ From September 2019 to January 2021
- ^ From June 2022
- ^ From July 2022
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
خط زمني
Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
Italian Republic (1946–present)
انظر أيضاً
- نائب رئيس وزراء إيطاليا
- Lists of office-holders
- List of prime ministers of Italy by time in office
- Politics of Italy
- Prime Minister of Italy
المراجع
- ^ "I Governi nelle Legislature". www.governo.it (in الإيطالية). 9 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "La funzione del Presidente del Consiglio". www.governo.it (in الإيطالية). 9 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Cavour, Camillo Benso conte di nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in الإيطالية). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ Mack Smith, Denis (1985). Cavour. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 9780297785125.
- ^ "Lo Statuto Albertino" (PDF) (in الإيطالية). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
- ^ "LEGGE 24 dicembre 1925, n. 2263-Normattiva". www.normattiva.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "I Presidenti del Consiglio". legislature.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Italy-Government and society | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in الإنجليزية). Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ Harris, Chris (13 December 2016). "Why do governments in Italy change so often?". euronews (in الإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "In 75 anni le donne al governo sono state appena il 6,5%". www.ilsole24ore.com (in الإيطالية). Il Sole 24 Ore. 12 February 2021. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ "Governo, Mattarella conferisce l'incarico a Meloni. Giorgia: «Esecutivo di alto profilo che lavorerà spedito». Domani il giuramento alle 10 in Quirinale. La lista dei 24 ministri". 21 October 2022.
- ^ "Far-right leader Giorgia Meloni sworn in as Italy's prime minister". The Guardian. 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
- ^ "Mussolini, Benito". www.treccani.it (in الإيطالية). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Quali sono stati i governi italiani più lunghi?". www.youtrend.it (in الإيطالية). YouTrend. 26 November 2020. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Tommaso Tittoni nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in الإيطالية). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Fernando Tambroni Armaroli nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in الإيطالية). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "IV Governo Cavour". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Ricasoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Rattazzi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Farini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Minghetti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo La Marmora". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "III Governo La Marmora". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo Ricasoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo Rattazzi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Menabrea". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo Menabrea". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "III Governo Menabrea". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Lanza". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo Minghetti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Cairoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "III Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo Cairoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "III Governo Cairoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "IV Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "V Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "VI Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "VII Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "VIII Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 8 September 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "III Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "IV Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "III Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "IV Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "V Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Pelloux". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo Pelloux". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Saracco". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Zanardelli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Tittoni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Fortis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo Fortis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Sonnino". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "III Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo Sonnino". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Luzzatti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "IV Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Salandra". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo Salandra". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Boselli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Orlando". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Nitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo Nitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "V Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Bonomi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Facta". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo Facta". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Mussolini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Composizione del Governo Badoglio I". senato.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Governo Badoglio II". governo.it (in Italian). 20 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Governo Bonomi II". governo.it (in Italian). 20 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Governo Bonomi III". governo.it (in Italian). 20 November 2015. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo Parri". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "I Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "II Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "III Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "IV Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "V Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "VI Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "VII Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "VIII Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Pella". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Scelba". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Segni". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Zoli". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Segni". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Tambroni". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "III Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ أ ب "IV Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Leone". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "III Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Leone". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "III Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Colombo". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "IV Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "V Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "IV Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "V Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "III Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "IV Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "V Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Cossiga". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Cossiga". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Forlani". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Spadolini". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Spadolini". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "V Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Craxi". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Craxi". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Goria". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo De Mita". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "VI Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "VII Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Amato". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Ciampi". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Dini". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Prodi". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo D'Alema". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo D'Alema". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Amato II" (in الإيطالية). 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "III Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Prodi". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "IV Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Monti". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Letta". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Renzi". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Gentiloni". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "I Governo Conte". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "II Governo Conte". storia.camera.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Governo Draghi". governo.it (in الإيطالية). 13 February 2021. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Governo Meloni". governo.it (in الإيطالية). 22 October 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
ببليوجرافيا
- Guglielmotti, Umberto, ed. (1966). I presidenti del Consiglio dei Ministri dell'Unita' d'Italia ad oggi, Volume 3 (in الإيطالية). CEN.
- Viviani, Maria Paola, ed. (1970). La presidenza del Consiglio dei ministri in alcuni stati dell'Europa occidentale ed in Italia (in الإيطالية). Giuffrè.
- Rotelli, Ettore, ed. (1972). La Presidenza Del Consiglio Dei Ministri: Il Problema Del Coordinamento Dell'amministrazione Centrale in Italia, (1848–1948) (in الإيطالية). Giuffrè.
- Marzo, Corradino; Amodio, Vito Domenico, eds. (2014). I governi della Repubblica. Storia dei Presidenti del Consiglio, Volume 1 (in الإيطالية). Lupo. ISBN 978-8866671893.
