قائمة أباطرة أسرة تشينگ

A dragon robe for a Qing dynasty emperor

أسرة تشينگ تأسست باسم "أسرة جين اللاحقة" في 1616 على يد Nurhaci, وهو منچو من Aisin-Gioro Clan, وابنه Hung Taiji غير اسمها إلى "تشينگ" في 1636. It lasted until 1912. In China proper, the Qing dynasty succeeded the Ming Dynasty in 1644, during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor. Therefore politically the Shunzhi Emperor is the first Emperor of the Dynasty to be correctly titled the Emperor of China. There were a total of 12 rulers from Nurhaci, of which 10 were rulers of China proper. The Qing Dynasty was toppled in the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, although the last Emperor did not officially abdicate to make way for the new Republic of China until early 1912 and kept his title until 1924.

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قائمة الأباطرة

الاسم الأول1 اسم بعد الوفاة2
(short form)
Chinese, Manchu
اسم المعبد2 اسم عـَهـْده
Chinese, Manchu
سنوات الحكم الاسم
الأكثر شهرة
Nurhaci
努爾哈赤
پن ين: Nǔ'ěrhāchì
Gāodì
高帝
Dergi hūwangdi
Tàizǔ
太祖
Tiānming
天命)
(1616-1626)
1616-1626 Nurhaci
Huang Taiji
皇太極
Wéndì
文帝
Genggiyen su hūwangdi
Tàizōng
太宗
Tiāncōng
天聰
Abkai sure
1627-1636;
Chóngdé
崇德
Wesihun erdemungge
1636-1643
1626-1643 Huang Taiji
Fúlín
福臨
Zhāngdì
章帝
Eldembure hūwangdi
Shìzǔ
世祖
Shùnzhì
順治
Ijishūn dasan
1643-16615 Shunzhi Emperor
Xuányè
玄燁
Réndì
仁帝
Gosin hūwangdi
Shèngzǔ
聖祖
Kāngxī
康熙
Elhe taifin
1661-1722 Kangxi Emperor
Yìnzhēn
胤禛
Xiàndì
憲帝
Temgetulehe hūwangdi
Shìzōng
世宗
Yōngzhèng
雍正
Hūwaliyasun tob
1722-1735 Yongzheng Emperor
هونگ لي
Hónglì
弘曆
Chúndì
純帝
Yongkiyangga hūwangdi
گاوزونگ
Gāozōng
高宗
تشيان لونگ
Qiánlóng
乾隆
Abkai wehiyehe
1735-1796
(ت. 1799)6
الامبراطور تشيان لونگ Qianlong Emperor
Yóngyǎn
顒琰
Ruìdì
睿帝
Sunggiyen hūwangdi
Rénzōng
仁宗
Jiāqìng
嘉慶
Saicungga fengšen
1796-1820 Jiaqing Emperor
Mínníng
旻寧
Chéngdì
成帝
Šanggan hūwangdi
Xuānzōng
宣宗
Dàoguāng
道光
Doro eldengge
1820-1850 Daoguang Emperor
Yìzhǔ
奕詝
Xiǎndì
顯帝
Iletu hūwangdi
Wénzōng
文宗
Xiánfēng
咸豐
Gubci elgiyengge
1850-1861 Xianfeng Emperor
Zǎichún
載淳
Yìdì
毅帝
Filingga hūwangdi
Mùzōng
穆宗
Tóngzhì
同治
Yooningga dasan
1861-18757 Tongzhi Emperor
Zǎitián
載湉
Jǐngdì
景帝
Ambalinggū hūwangdi
Dézōng
德宗
Guāngxù
光緒
Badarangga doro
1875-19087 Guangxu Emperor
Pǔyí
溥儀
also known as Henry
Xùndì 8
遜帝
None given 9 Xuāntǒng
宣統
Gehungge yoso
1908-192410
(died 1967)
Xuantong Emperor
1 The Qing imperial family name was Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅 aixin jueluo), but it was not common Manchu practice to include the family or clan name in an individual's personal name.
2 As posthumous and temple names were often shared by emperors of different dynasties, they are usually preceded by the dynastic name, in this case, Qing, to avoid confusion. For example, the Qianlong emperor is frequently referred to as Qing Gaozong.
3 Nurhaci founded the Jin () or Later Jin (後金) dynasty in 1616, but it was his son Hong Taiji who changed the name of the dynasty to Qing in 1636. Nurhaci adopted the reign name Tianming but his Qing titles were all conferred posthumously.
4 Hong Taiji is referred to erroneously in some historical literature as Abahai (阿巴海).
5 The Shunzhi emperor was the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper following the occupation of Beijing in 1644.
6 The Qianlong emperor officially retired in 1796, taking the title Emperor Emeritus (太上皇帝). This was an act of filial piety to ensure that he would not reign longer than his illustrious grandfather, the Kangxi emperor. However, he remained the ultimate authority until his death in 1799, at which point his son, the Jiaqing emperor, began to exercise the power that had been his in name only from 1796.
7 The Empress Dowager Cixi, concubine of the Xianfeng emperor, mother of the Tongzhi emperor, and adoptive mother of the Guangxu emperor, used her considerable skills of political manipulation to act as the power behind the throne or on the throne from 1861 until her death in 1908. She acted as a regent during the minorities of the two young emperors and confined the Guangxu emperor in the Summer Palace after he attempted to introduce reforms in 1898. The death of the Guangxu emperor was announced the day before her own.
8 Xundi ("The Abdicated Emperor") is the posthumous name given by mainland China and Taiwan's history books to Pu-yi.
9 In 2004 the descendants of the Qing imperial family have conferred a posthumous name and temple name upon the late Pu-yi. Posthumous name: Mindi (愍帝). Temple name: Gongzong (恭宗). It remains to be seen whether these names will be accepted by the Chinese public.
10 The Qing dynasty was overthrown in 1911, and the last emperor, Xuantong, abdicated officially on February 12, 1912. However, that same day the Republic of China granted the "Articles of Favourable Treatment of the Emperor of the Great Qing after his Abdication" (清帝退位優待條件) which allowed Xuantong to retain his imperial title and stated that he should be treated by the government of the Republic with the protocol attached to a foreign monarch. These articles were revised on November 5, 1924, after the coup by General Feng Yuxiang: the revised articles stated that Xuantong was losing his imperial title and henceforth becoming a regular citizen of the Republic of China. Xuantong was expelled from the Forbidden City that same day. Thus, Xuantong was ruling emperor until February 12, 1912 (and also briefly between July 1 and July 12, 1917), and non-ruling emperor between February 12, 1912 and November 5, 1924. Xuantong also later became the puppet leader of Japanese-controlled Manchukuo under the reign name Datong (大同) (1932-1934), then the puppet emperor of the same under the reign name Kangde (康德) (1934-1945).


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