شبه معدن
أشباه المعادن mineraloids مواد لا بلورية تشبه المعادن كالزجاج. Mineraloids possess chemical compositions that vary beyond the generally accepted ranges for specific minerals. For example, obsidian is an amorphous glass and not a crystal. Jet is derived from decaying wood under extreme pressure. Opal is another mineraloid because of its non-crystalline nature. Pearl is considered a mineraloid because the included calcite and/or aragonite crystals are bonded by an organic material, and there is no definite proportion of the components.
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أشباه معادن شائعة
- Allophane، solid (IMA/CNMNC valid mineral name)
- العنبر، organic, non-crystal structure.
- Anthracite، a variety of coal, "hard coal."
- الفحم، organic, nonhomogeneous, and non-crystal structure.
- Bituminous coal
- Chlorophaeite[1]
- Chrysocolla، solid (IMA/CNMNC valid mineral name)
- Deweylite، a mixture of serpentine and talc or stevensite[2]
- Diatomite
- Ebonite,[بحاجة لمصدر] vulcanized natural or synthetic rubber (organic); lacks a crystalline structure
- Fulgurite، a variety of the mineraloid lechatelierite
- Jet، non-crystalline nature, organic (very compact coal)
- Lechatelierite، nearly pure silica glass, solid (IMA/CNMNC valid mineral name)
- Leonardite
- Libyan desert glass
- Lignite، or brown coal
- Limonite، a mixture of oxides and hydroxides of iron
- Moldavite
- Mookaite/Radiolarite
- اوبسيديان، volcanic glass - non-crystal structure.
- Opal، non-crystal structure, a mineraloid.
- Ozokerite، a black waxy hydrocarbon mixture
- Palagonite[1]
- لؤلؤ، often considered a mineral due to crystal components, but then not a mineral due to organic origin, probably should be a mineraloid.
- Pele's hair
- النفط، organic and liquid.
- Psilomelane
- Pumice
- Pyrobitumen، amorphous fossilized petroleum (noncrystalline, organic)
- Shungite، black, lustrous, more than 98 weight percent of carbon
- Sideromelane,[1] volcanic glass – non-crystalline, an iron rich, silica poor glass
- Tektite، meteoritic silica rich glass
- الماء، e. g. as inclusions in other crystals, liquid
- Zietrisikite، a mineral hydrocarbon wax
انظر أيضاً
- قائمة المعادن أشباه المعادن مذكورون بعد المعادن في كل حرف أبجدي.
- ^ أ ب ت Peacock, M. A.; Fuller, R. E. (1928). "Chlorophaeite, sideromelane, and palagonite from the Columbia River Plateau" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 13: 360–382. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
- ^ Schandl, Eva S.; Gorton, Michael P. (1995). "Phyllosilicate Alteration of Olivine in The Lower Sheeted Dike Complex, Leg 140, Hole 504B" (PDF). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. 137/140: 207–216. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.137140.019.1995. ISSN 1096-7451.