منحول

(تم التحويل من سوديبيجرافا)

المنحول أو سودوإپيگرافا Pseudepigrapha (من اليونانية pseudes = مزور + إپيگراف = نقش مكتوب أنظر إپيگرافيا) هي كتابات ونصوص نسبتها للمؤلفين مزورة أو أعمال نسبها المؤلف الحقيقي لشخصية من الماضي "[1]

في دراسات الكتاب المقدس، فإن المصطلح منحول يمكن أن يشير إلى مجموعة متنوعة من الأعمال الدينية اليهودية التي يُعتقَد أنها كـُتبت ح. 300 ق.م. إلى 300 م. They are distinguished by Protestants from the deuterocanonical books (Catholic and Orthodox) or Apocrypha (Protestant), the books that appear in extant copies of the Septuagint in the fourth century or later[2] and the Vulgate, but not in the Hebrew Bible or in Protestant Bibles.[3] The Catholic Church distinguishes only between the deuterocanonical and all other books; the latter are called biblical apocrypha, which in Catholic usage includes the pseudepigrapha.[بحاجة لمصدر] In addition, two books considered canonical in the Orthodox Tewahedo churches, viz. Book of Enoch and Book of Jubilees, are categorized as pseudepigrapha from the point of view of Chalcedonian Christianity.[بحاجة لمصدر]

In addition to the sets of generally agreed to be non-canonical works, scholars will also apply the term to canonical works who make a direct claim of authorship, yet this authorship is doubted. For example, the Book of Daniel is widely considered to have been written in the 2nd century BCE, 400 years after the prophet Daniel lived, and thus the work is pseudepigraphic. A New Testament example might be the book of 2 Peter, widely considered to be written approximately 80 years after Saint Peter's death. Early Christians, such as Origen, harbored doubts as to the authenticity of the book's authorship.[4]

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انظر أيضا


مراجع

  1. ^ Bauckham, Richard; "Pseudo-Apostolic Letters", Journal of Biblical Literature, Vo. 107, No. 3, September 1988, pp.469-494
  2. ^ Beckwith, Roger T. (2008). The Canon of the Old Testament (PDF). Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Pub. pp. 62, 382–83. ISBN 978-1606082492. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  3. ^ Harris, Stephen L. (2010). Understanding The Bible. McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 978-0-07-340744-9.
  4. ^ Ehrman, Bart (2012). Forgery and Counterforgery: The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics. Oxford University Press. p. 83–88. ISBN 9780199928033.