زرع الخلايا

مزرعة خلايا في صحن مزرعة نسيج خاص.
خلايا إبيثيلية في الزرع مصبوغة لل كيراتين (أحمر) والـDNA (أخضر)

زرع الخلايا Cell culture هي عملية يتم بها تنمية خلايا حقيقية النواة وبدائية النواة تحت ظروف مسيطرة. بصورة عامة، يدل مصطلح "زرع الخلايا" على زرع خلايا مأخوذة من كائنات متعددة الخلايا، خاصة خلايا الحيوان. التطور والطرق التأريخية لزرع الخلايا متعلقة بصورة كبيرة بزرع الأنسجة وزرع الأعضاء.

أصبح زرع الخلايا الحيوانية تقنية مختبرية روتينية في الخمسينات من القرن العشرين،[1] ولكن مبدأ المحافظة على خلايا حية مفصولة عن النسيج المصدر الأصلي هي عملية اكتشفت في القرن التاسع عشر.[2]

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التاريخ

في القرن 19، طوّر عالم الفسيولوجيا الإنگليزي سيدني رينگر محاليل ملحية تحتوي كلوريدات الصوديوم والپوتاسيوم والكالسيوم والمغنسيوم مناسبين للحفاظ على خفقان قلب حيوان معزول خارج الجسد.[3] وفي 1885، أزال ڤلهلم رو جزءاً من medullary plate لجنين دجاجة وخفظه في محلول ملحي دافئ لعدة أيام، مرسياً مبدأ زراعة الأنسجة tissue culture.[4] نشر روس گرانڤل هاريسون، الذي كان يعمل في كلية طب جونز هوپكنز ثم جامعة يل، نتائج تجاربه من 1907 حتى 1910، مؤسساً منهاجية زراعة الأنسجة tissue culture.[5]


مفاهيم في زراعة الخلايا الثديية

  • عزل الخلايا
  • صيانة خلايا في مزرعة
    • كثافة التصحن

مكونات وسط زراعة الخلايا

المكون الوظيفة
Carbon source (glucose/glutamine) Source of energy
Amino acid Building blocks of protein
Vitamins Promote cell survival and growth
Balanced salt solution An isotonic mixture of ions to maintain optimum osmotic pressure within the cells and provide essential metal ions to act as cofactors for enzymatic reactions, cell adhesion etc.
Phenol red dye pH indicator. The color of phenol red changes from orange/red at pH 7-7.4 to yellow at acidic (lower) pH and purple at basic (higher) pH.
Bicarbonate /HEPES buffer It is used to maintain a balanced pH in the media

ظروف النمو النمطية

المتغير
درجة الحرارة 37 °س
CO2 5%
الرطوبة 95%

التلوث المتبادل لخطوط الخلايا

مسائل تقنية أخرى

خطوط الخلايا البشرية المؤسسة

Cultured HeLa cells have been stained with Hoechst turning their nuclei blue, and are one of the earliest human cell lines descended from Henrietta Lacks, who died of cervical cancer from which these cells originated.

Cell strains

اللقاحات

زراعة الخلايا غير الثديية

خطوط الخلايا الشائعة

Human cell lines
Primate cell lines
Mouse cell lines
Rat tumor cell lines
Plant cell lines
Other species cell lines

قائمة خطوط الخلايا

Cell line Meaning Organism Origin tissue Morphology Links
3T3-L1 "3-day transfer, inoculum 3 x 10^5 cells" Mouse Embryo Fibroblast ECACC Cellosaurus
4T1 Mouse Mammary gland ATCC Cellosaurus
9L Rat Brain Glioblastoma ECACC Cellosaurus
A172 Human Brain Glioblastoma ECACC Cellosaurus
A20 Mouse B lymphoma B lymphocyte Cellosaurus
A253 Human Submandibular duct Head and neck carcinoma ATCC Cellosaurus
A2780 Human Ovary Ovarian carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
A2780ADR Human Ovary Adriamycin-resistant derivative of A2780 ECACC Cellosaurus
A2780cis Human Ovary Cisplatin-resistant derivative of A2780 ECACC Cellosaurus
A431 Human Skin epithelium Squamous cell carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
A549 Human Lung Lung carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
AB9 Zebrafish Fin Fibroblast ATCC Cellosaurus
AHL-1 Armenian Hamster Lung-1 Hamster Lung ECACC Cellosaurus
ALC Mouse Bone marrow Stroma PubMed[6] Cellosaurus
B16 Mouse Melanoma ECACC Cellosaurus
B35 Rat Neuroblastoma ATCC Cellosaurus
BCP-1 Human PBMC HIV+ primary effusion lymphoma ATCC Cellosaurus
BEAS-2B Bronchial epithelium + Adenovirus 12-SV40 virus hybrid (Ad12SV40) Human Lung Epithelial ECACC Cellosaurus
bEnd.3 Brain Endothelial 3 Mouse Brain/cerebral cortex Endothelium Cellosaurus
BHK-21 Baby Hamster Kidney-21 Hamster Kidney Fibroblast ECACC Cellosaurus
BOSC23 Packaging cell line derived from HEK 293 Human Kidney (embryonic) Epithelium Cellosaurus
BT-20 Breast Tumor-20 Human Breast epithelium Breast carcinoma ATCC Cellosaurus
BxPC3 Biopsy xenograft of Pancreatic Carcinoma line 3 Human Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Epithelial ECACC Cellosaurus
C2C12 Mouse Myoblast ECACC Cellosaurus
C3H-10T1/2 Mouse Embryonic mesenchymal cell line ECACC Cellosaurus
C6 Rat Brain astrocyte Glioma ECACC Cellosaurus
C6/36 Insect - Asian tiger mosquito Larval tissue ECACC Cellosaurus
Caco-2 Human Colon Colorectal carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
Cal-27 Human Tongue Squamous cell carcinoma ATCC Cellosaurus
CGR8 Mouse Embryonic stem cells ECACC Cellosaurus
CHO Chinese Hamster Ovary Hamster Ovary Epithelium ECACC Cellosaurus
CML T1 Chronic myeloid leukemia T lymphocyte 1 Human CML acute phase T cell leukemia DSMZ Cellosaurus
CMT12 Canine Mammary Tumor 12 Dog Mammary gland Epithelium Cellosaurus
COR-L23 Human Lung Lung carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
COR-L23/5010 Human Lung Lung carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
COR-L23/CPR Human Lung Lung carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
COR-L23/R23- Human Lung Lung carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
COS-7 Cercopithecus aethiops, origin-defective SV-40 Old World monkey - Cercopithecus aethiops (Chlorocebus) Kidney Fibroblast ECACC Cellosaurus
COV-434 Human Ovary Ovarian granulosa cell carcinoma PubMed[7] ECACC Cellosaurus
CT26 Mouse Colon Colorectal carcinoma Cellosaurus
D17 Dog Lung metastasis Osteosarcoma ATCC Cellosaurus
DAOY Human Brain Medulloblastoma ATCC Cellosaurus
DH82 Dog Histiocytosis Monocyte/macrophage ECACC Cellosaurus
DU145 Human Androgen insensitive prostate carcinoma ATCC Cellosaurus
DuCaP Dura mater cancer of the Prostate Human Metastatic prostate carcinoma Epithelial PubMed[8] Cellosaurus
E14Tg2a Mouse Embryonic stem cells ECACC Cellosaurus
EL4 Mouse T cell leukemia ECACC Cellosaurus
EM-2 Human CML blast crisis Ph+ CML line DSMZ Cellosaurus
EM-3 Human CML blast crisis Ph+ CML line DSMZ Cellosaurus
EMT6/AR1 Mouse Mammary gland Epithelial-like ECACC Cellosaurus
EMT6/AR10.0 Mouse Mammary gland Epithelial-like ECACC Cellosaurus
FM3 Human Lymph node metastasis Melanoma ECACC Cellosaurus
GL261 Glioma 261 Mouse Brain Glioma Cellosaurus
H1299 Human Lung Lung carcinoma ATCC Cellosaurus
HaCaT Human Skin Keratinocyte CLS Cellosaurus
HCA2 Human Colon Adenocarcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
HEK 293 Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Human Kidney (embryonic) Epithelium ECACC Cellosaurus
HEK 293T HEK 293 derivative Human Kidney (embryonic) Epithelium ECACC Cellosaurus
HeLa "Henrietta Lacks" Human Cervix epithelium Cervical carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
Hepa1c1c7 Clone 7 of clone 1 hepatoma line 1 Mouse Hepatoma Epithelial ECACC Cellosaurus
Hep G2 Human Liver Hepatoblastoma ECACC Cellosaurus
High Five Insect (moth) - Trichoplusia ni Ovary Cellosaurus
HL-60 Human Leukemia-60 Human Blood Myeloblast ECACC Cellosaurus
HT-1080 Human Fibrosarcoma ECACC Cellosaurus
HT-29 Human Colon epithelium Adenocarcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
J558L Mouse Myeloma B lymphocyte cell ECACC Cellosaurus
Jurkat Human White blood cells T cell leukemia ECACC Cellosaurus
JY Human Lymphoblastoid EBV-transformed B cell ECACC Cellosaurus
K562 Human Lymphoblastoid CML blast crisis ECACC Cellosaurus
KBM-7 Human Lymphoblastoid CML blast crisis Cellosaurus
KCL-22 Human Lymphoblastoid CML DSMZ Cellosaurus
KG1 Human Lymphoblastoid AML ECACC Cellosaurus
Ku812 Human Lymphoblastoid Erythroleukemia ECACC Cellosaurus
KYO-1 Kyoto-1 Human Lymphoblastoid CML DSMZ Cellosaurus
L1210 Mouse Lymphocytic leukemia Ascitic fluid ECACC Cellosaurus
L243 Mouse Hybridoma Secretes L243 mAb (against HLA-DR) ATCC Cellosaurus
LNCaP Lymph Node Cancer of the Prostate Human Prostatic adenocarcinoma Epithelial ECACC Cellosaurus
MA2.1 Mouse Hybridoma Secretes MA2.1 mAb (against HLA-A2 and HLA-B17) ATCC Cellosaurus
Ma-Mel 1, 2, 3....48 Human Skin A range of melanoma cell lines ECACC Cellosaurus
MC-38 Mouse Colon-38 Mouse Colon Adenocarcinoma Cellosaurus
MCF-7 Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 Human Breast Invasive breast ductal carcinoma ER+, PR+ ECACC Cellosaurus
MCF-10A Michigan Cancer Foundation-10A Human Breast epithelium ATCC Cellosaurus
MDA-MB-157 M.D. Anderson - Metastatic Breast-157 Human Pleural effusion metastasis Breast carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
MDA-MB-231 M.D. Anderson - Metastatic Breast-231 Human Pleural effusion metastasis Breast carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
MDA-MB-361 M.D. Anderson - Metastatic Breast-361 Human Melanoma (contaminated by M14) ECACC Cellosaurus
MDA-MB-468 M.D. Anderson - Metastatic Breast-468 Human Pleural effusion metastasis Breast carcinoma ATCC Cellosaurus
MDCK II Madin Darby Canine Kidney II Dog Kidney Epithelium ECACC Cellosaurus
MG63 Human Bone Osteosarcoma ECACC Cellosaurus
MOR/0.2R Human Lung Lung carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
Mono-Mac-6 Human White blood cells Myeloid metaplasic AML DSMZ Cellosaurus
MRC-5 Medical Research Council cell strain 5 Human Lung (fetal) Fibroblast ECACC Cellosaurus
MTD-1A Mouse Epithelium Cellosaurus
MyEnd Myocardial Endothelial Mouse Endothelium Cellosaurus
NCI-H69 Human Lung Lung carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
NCI-H69/CPR Human Lung Lung carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
NCI-H69/LX10 Human Lung Lung carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
NCI-H69/LX20 Human Lung Lung carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
NCI-H69/LX4 Human Lung Lung carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
Neuro-2a Mouse Nerve/neuroblastoma Neuronal stem cells ECACC Cellosaurus
NIH-3T3 NIH, 3-day transfer, inoculum 3 x 105 cells Mouse Embryo Fibroblast ECACC Cellosaurus
NALM-1 Human Peripheral blood Blast-crisis CML ATCC Cellosaurus
Neuro2a Mouse Nerve/neuroblastoma Neuronal stem cells Cellosaurus
NK-92 Human Leukemia/lymphoma ATCC Cellosaurus
NTERA-2 Human Lung metastasis Embryonal carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
NW-145 Human Skin Melanoma ESTDAB Cellosaurus
OK Opossum Kidney Virginia opossum - Didelphis virginiana Kidney ECACC Cellosaurus
OPCN / OPCT cell lines Human Prostate Range of prostate tumour lines Cellosaurus
P3X63Ag8 Mouse Myeloma ECACC Cellosaurus
PC12 Rat Adrenal medulla Pheochromocytoma ECACC Cellosaurus
PC-3 Prostate Cancer-3 Human Bone metastasis Prostate carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
Peer Human T cell leukemia DSMZ Cellosaurus
PNT1A Human Prostate SV40-transformed tumour line ECACC Cellosaurus
PNT2 Human Prostate SV40-transformed tumour line ECACC Cellosaurus
Pt K2 The second cell line derived from Potorous tridactylis Long-nosed potoroo - Potorous tridactylus Kidney Epithelial ECACC Cellosaurus
Raji Human B lymphoma Lymphoblast-like ECACC Cellosaurus
RBL-1 Rat Basophilic Leukemia-1 Rat Leukemia Basophil cell ECACC Cellosaurus
RenCa Renal Carcinoma Mouse Kidney Renal carcinoma ATCC Cellosaurus
RIN-5F Mouse Pancreas ECACC Cellosaurus
RMA-S Mouse T cell tumour Cellosaurus
S2 Schneider 2 Insect - Drosophila melanogaster Late stage (20–24 hours old) embryos ATCC Cellosaurus
SaOS-2 Sarcoma OSteogenic-2 Human Bone Osteosarcoma ECACC Cellosaurus
Sf21 Spodoptera frugiperda 21 Insect (moth) - Spodoptera frugiperda Ovary ECACC Cellosaurus
Sf9 Spodoptera frugiperda 9 Insect (moth) - Spodoptera frugiperda Ovary ECACC Cellosaurus
SH-SY5Y Human Bone marrow metastasis Neuroblastoma ECACC Cellosaurus
SiHa Human Cervix epithelium Cervical carcinoma ATCC Cellosaurus
SK-BR-3 Sloan-Kettering Breast cancer 3 Human Breast Breast carcinoma DSMZ Cellosaurus
SK-OV-3 Sloan-Kettering Ovarian cancer 3 Human Ovary Ovarian carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
SK-N-SH Human Brain Epithelial ATCC Cellosaurus
T2 Human T cell leukemia/B cell line hybridoma ATCC Cellosaurus
T-47D Human Breast Breast ductal carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
T84 Human Lung metastasis Colorectal carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
T98G Human Glioblastoma-astrocytoma Epithelium ECACC Cellosaurus
THP-1 Human Monocyte Acute monocytic leukemia ECACC Cellosaurus
U2OS Human Osteosarcoma Epithelial ECACC Cellosaurus
U373 Human Glioblastoma-astrocytoma Epithelium ECACC Cellosaurus
U87 Human Glioblastoma-astrocytoma Epithelial-like ECACC Cellosaurus
U937 Human Leukemic monocytic lymphoma ECACC Cellosaurus
VCaP Vertebral Cancer of the Prostate Human Vertebra metastasis Prostate carcinoma ECACC Cellosaurus
Vero Vero (truth) African green monkey - Chlorocebus sabaeus Kidney epithelium ECACC Cellosaurus
VG-1 Human Primary effusion lymphoma Cellosaurus
WM39 Human Skin Melanoma ESTDAB Cellosaurus
WT-49 Human Lymphoblastoid ECACC Cellosaurus
YAC-1 Mouse Lymphoma ECACC Cellosaurus
YAR Human Lymphoblastoid EBV-transformed B cell Human Immunology[9] ECACC Cellosaurus


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انظر أيضاً

المراجع والهامش

  1. ^ ""Cell Culture"". Retrieved 2006-04-19.
  2. ^ ""Some landmarks in the development of tissue and cell culture."". Retrieved 2006-04-19.
  3. ^ "Whonamedit - Ringer's solution". whonamedit.com. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
  4. ^ "Animals and alternatives in testing". Archived from the original on 2006-02-25. Retrieved 2006-04-19.
  5. ^ Schiff, JudithAnn. "An unsung hero of medical research". Retrieved 2006-04-19. Yale Alumni Magazine, February 2002.
  6. ^ Hunt, P; Robertson, D; Weiss, D; Rennick, D; Lee, F; Witte, ON (1987). "A single bone marrow-derived stromal cell type supports the in vitro growth of early lymphoid and myeloid cells". Cell. 48 (6): 997–1007. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(87)90708-2. PMID 2435412.
  7. ^ Van Den Berg-Bakker, CA; Hagemeijer, A; Franken-Postma, EM; Smit, VT; Kuppen, PJ; Van Ravenswaay Claasen, HH; Cornelisse, CJ; Schrier, PI (1993). "Establishment and characterization of 7 ovarian carcinoma cell lines and one granulosa tumor cell line: Growth features and cytogenetics". International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. 53 (4): 613–20. doi:10.1002/ijc.2910530415. PMID 8436435.
  8. ^ Lee, YG; Korenchuk, S; Lehr, J; Whitney, S; Vessela, R; Pienta, KJ (2001). "Establishment and characterization of a new human prostatic cancer cell line: DuCaP". In vivo (Athens, Greece). 15 (2): 157–62. PMID 11317521.
  9. ^ Ou, Dawei; Mitchell, Leslie Ann; Décarie, Diane; Tingle, Aubrey J; Nepom, Gerald T (1998). "Promiscuous T-Cell Recognition of a Rubella Capsid Protein Epitope Restricted by DRB1*0403 and DRB1*0901 Molecules Sharing an HLA DR Supertype". Human Immunology. 59 (3): 149–57. doi:10.1016/S0198-8859(98)00006-8. PMID 9548074.

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Molecular biology

الكلمات الدالة: