خانقاه معلى

خانقاه معلى
خانقاہِ معلّےٰ
Mausoleum of Shah e Hamadan 01.JPG
الخانقاه على ضفة جهلم
الدين
الارتباطالإسلام
المقاطعةسري‌نگر
المنطقةوادي كشمير
الوضع الكنسي أو التنظيميActive
الوضعActive
الموقع
الموقعFateh Kadal, سري‌نگر
الولايةجمو وكشمير
البلدالهند
الإحداثيات الجغرافية34°05′28″N 74°48′28″E / 34.091248°N 74.807771°E / 34.091248; 74.807771Coordinates: 34°05′28″N 74°48′28″E / 34.091248°N 74.807771°E / 34.091248; 74.807771
العمارة
المؤسسالسلطان Sikandar
اكتمل1395 م، أعيد بناؤه 1732 م
المواصفات
الارتفاع (الأقصى)38 م
القباب1 (turret)
المآذنNone

خانقاه معلّى (أردو: خانقاہِ معلّےٰ؛ إنگليزية: Khanqah-e-Moula)، ويُعرف أيضاً بإسم مسجد شاه همدان و خانقاه هو أحد أقدم المساجد في كشمير، ويقع في المدينة القديمة في سري‌نگر، جمو وكشمير، الهند. ويقع على الضفة اليمنى لنهر جهلم بين جسري فاتح كدل و زينة كدل، بُني لأول مرة في 1395 م، وافتتحه السلطان إسكندر شاه مير. وهو أحد أفضل الأمثلة للعمارة الخشبية الكشميرية، ومُزخرف بالورق المعجون papier mache.[1]

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الإنشاء

المسجد بناه السلطان إسكندر شاه مير في 1395 م تخليداً لذكرى الداعية مير سيد علي همداني، الشخصية المحورية في نشر الإسلام في كشمير. والمعروف بلقب شاه همدان (ملك همدان)، فالداعية جاء لكشمير من مدينة همدان في بلاد فارس في القرن الرابع عشر. وإليه يُنسب فضل نشر الإسلام في كشمير. وفي 1480 م، التهمت النيران المسجد. الحاكم، آنذاك، السلطان حسن شاه، وسّع أرضه المسجد، وأعاد بناءه. وفي 1731 م، احترقت الخانقاه مرة أخرى، وأعاد بناءها أبو البركات خان.


خلفية

Sketch of Shah Hamadan mosque dating back to 1906

According to some sources, the current mosque structure was constructed after destroying an ancient temple dedicated to Hindu goddess Kali and a sacred Hindu site,[2] It is believed by some that Sayyid Ali Hamdani had the temple of Kali demolished and built the present mosque with its material.[3][4] and that a spring dedicated to Kali is still inside the mosque. The railing at the back of the mosque complex leads to a bright orange marking on the stone just below that suggests to the foundation belonging to the destructed Kali Shri temple.[5]Local Hindus were involved in various communal disputes and repeated altercations by 1942, agitating for the right to build a covered shrine adjacent to the Muslim shrine,[6] which eventually led to a boycott of Muslim-owned shops by Kashmiri Hindus.[7]

In ‘Eminent Personalities of Kashmir’, a book edited by a Kashmiri Hindu, Krishan Lal Kalla, mentions that according to Hindu belief, Khanqah was first the Kali temple. The book claims: “When Hazrat Ameer Kabir returned from Makkah, he went into the temple and offered his prayers. After he left the place, it was found that he had left footprints on that stone plate where he had bowed before the God. That temple was converted at once into Khanqah-e-Moula.[8]

However, others have questioned the validity of such claims, and believe it to be a revisionist attempt to re-cast history as traditional Kashmiri Hindu historians, such as Kalhana, Jonaraja and Shuk Bhatt make no mention of the existence of any temple at the site of the structure. The counterclaim stemming from the fact that a Hindu religious site also exists adjacent to the shrine and the historians have suggested that the two sites have in fact always been adjacent to one another,[8] their proximity being representative of communal tolerance.[9] Kashmiri Hindus have also historically held the Khanqah in high reverence.[10]

Archaeologist R.C. Kak in Ancient Monuments of Kashmir[11] and historian P. N. K. Bamzai in Culture and Political History of Kashmir while writing about the Khanqah, do not altogether mention anything about the possibility of the existence of a temple where the present structure stands.[12] Historian Ashiq Husain Bhat further argues that re-purposing of Hindu shrines into Muslim ones wouldn’t have been unusual, given that the overwhelming majority of Kashmiris converted to Islam, and a similar conversion of the site into a church would occur were Kashmiris to convert en masse to Christianity.[8] The construction of Muslim shrines at Hindu sites has also been interpreted by some as an attempt by Kashmiri Muslim to maintain links to their Hindu past.[13]

معبد كالي شري المجاور

Toward the River Jhelum, there is a wall marked with Sindoor (or Sindooram, a traditional vermilion red or orange-red colored cosmetic powder from India, usually worn by married women along the parting of their hair) but not a temple and water oozes at a place, which Kashmiri Hindus say is dedicated to goddess Kali.[8][14]

Sign of Hindu goddess Kali Temple symbolised by Saffron Marks on the mosque structure where Hindus offer prayers

Saleem Beg, a member of INTACH, states that the holy place of Hindus and the Khanqah co-existed together.[8]

حريق 2017

On 15 November 2017, a fire broke out in the shrine which damaged the spire of the building. Fire tenders were brought on the scene and they managed to arrest the spread of the fire which prevented any further damage to the building.[15]

Restoration work was immediately started[16] and on 30 March 2018, a refurbished crown was successfully installed on the spire of the shrine.[17]

انظر أيضاً


المراجع

  1. ^ "Khanqah".
  2. ^ Kalla, Krishan Lal (1997). Eminent Personalities of Kashmir (in الإنجليزية). Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 9788171413454.
  3. ^ Kaw, M. K. (2004). Kashmir and It's People: Studies in the Evolution of Kashmiri Society (in الإنجليزية). APH Publishing. ISBN 9788176485371.
  4. ^ Koul, Mohan Lal (1999-01-01). Kashmir, Wail of a Valley (in الإنجليزية). Gyan Sagar Publications. ISBN 9788186987384.
  5. ^ Alkazi, Feisal (2014-05-01). Srinagar: An Architectural Legacy (in الإنجليزية). Roli Books Private Limited. ISBN 9789351940517.
  6. ^ Rai, Mridu (2004). Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir (in الإنجليزية). Hurst. ISBN 9781850656616.
  7. ^ Khan, Ghulam Hassan (1980). Freedom movement in Kashmir, 1931-1940 (in الإنجليزية). Light & Life Publishers.
  8. ^ أ ب ت ث ج "Maha Kali temple co-exists with Khanqah". Rising Kashmir (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  9. ^ Iqbal, S. M.; Nirash, K. L. (1978). The Culture of Kashmir (in الإنجليزية). Marwah Publications.
  10. ^ Rabbani, G. M. (1986). Kashmir, social and cultural history (in الإنجليزية). Anmol Publications.
  11. ^ Kak, R.C. (2002). Ancient monuments of Kashmir (1st [reprint] ed.). Srinagar-190001, Kashmir: Gulshan Publishers. pp. 77–79. ISBN 81-86714-60-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  12. ^ Bamzai, P.N.K. (1994). Culture and Political History of Kashmir (1st ed.). New Delhi-110002: M.D. Publications. pp. 326–27, 536–40. ISBN 81-85880-33-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  13. ^ Central Asiatic Journal (in الإنجليزية). O. Harrassowitz. 2010.
  14. ^ Rai, Mridu (2004). Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir (in الإنجليزية). Hurst. ISBN 9781850656616.
  15. ^ "Khankah-e-Moula shrine damaged in Srinagar fire" (in الإنجليزية). 2017-11-15. Retrieved 2019-05-05.
  16. ^ "Latest News From Kashmir, Breaking News, Current Headlines, Kashmir News Online | Greater Kashmir" (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2019-05-05.
  17. ^ "Khankah-e-Maulla gets refurbished crown" (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2018-03-31. Retrieved 2019-05-05.
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