حزب العمل الاشتراكي-الديمقراطي الروسي

Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия
Central CommitteeVariable
تأسس1 مارس 1898 (1898-03-01)
انحل1912 (1912)
اندماجSBORK, Jewish Labour Bund and smaller Marxist organizations
تبعه
المقر الرئيسيPetrograd
الصحيفةIskra
الأيديولوجيةMarxist socialism[2]
Revolutionary socialism[3]
Social democracy[4][5][6]
الموقف السياسيLeft-wing to far-left
الانتماء الدوليSecond International (1889–1912)
الألوان     Red
علم الحزب
Red flag.svg

حزب العمل الاشتراكي-الديمقراطي الروسي (Russian Social Democratic Labour Party؛ RSDLP؛ روسية: Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (РСДРП)؛ Rossiyskaya sotsial-demokraticheskaya rabochaya partiya (RSDRP))؛ ويُعرف أيضاً بإسم حزب العمال الديمقراطي الاشتراكي الروسي Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party أو الحزب الديمقراطي الاشتراكي الروسي، كان حزباً اشتراكياً ثورياً تأسس في منسك، بلاروس.

Formed to unite the various revolutionary organizations of the Russian Empire into one party in 1898, the RSDLP later split into Bolsheviks (majority) and Mensheviks (minority) factions, with the Bolshevik faction eventually becoming the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The Interdistrictites, known as the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Internationalists), were also formed from this party.

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التاريخ

الأصول والأنشطة المبكرة

The RSDLP was not the first Russian Marxist group (the Emancipation of Labour group had been formed in 1883). The RSDLP was created to oppose the Narodniks revolutionary populism, which was later represented by the Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs). Formed at an underground conference in Minsk in 1898 by 15 delegates representing the Jewish Labour Bund, Robochaya Gazeta (both formed a year earlier in 1897) and the St. Petersburg League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class, the RSDLP program was based on the theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, namely that despite Russia's agrarian nature, the true revolutionary potential lay with the industrial working class. The RSDLP was illegal for most of its existence as at the end of the 1st Party Congress in March 1898 all nine delegates were arrested by the Imperial Russian Police. At this time, there were 3 million Russian industrial workers, just 3% of the population.[7]


المؤتمرات

المؤتمر التاريخ المكان الوفود اللجنة المركزية المنتخبة فصيل الأغلبية
1st 13 March  – 15 March 1898 Minsk, Russian Empire 9
N/A
2nd 30 July – 23 August 1903 Open: Brussels, Belgium
Closed: London, UK 		51
Mensheviks
3rd 25 April – 10 May 1905 London, UK 51 Bolsheviks
4th 10–25 April 1906 Stockholm, Sweden 112
Mensheviks
5th 13 May – 1 June 1907 London, UK 338 Bolsheviks

التاريخ الانتخابي

الانتخابات التشريعية

دوما الدولة
سنة الانتخاب عدد
إجمالي الأصوات 		% من
إجمالي الأصوات 		عدد
المقاعد 		+/– الزعيم
1906 غير معروف (الثالث) 3.8
18 / 478
جديد
يوليوس مارتوڤ
1907 (يناير) غير معروف (الثالث) 12.5
65 / 518
▲ 47
1907 (أكتوبر) غير معروف (الرابع) 3.7
19 / 509
Decrease 46
1912 Unknown (4th) 3.3
14 / 434
Decrease 5

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ Cavendish, Richard (11 نوفمبر 2003). "The Bolshevik-Menshevik Split". History Today. Retrieved 13 سبتمبر 2017.
  2. ^ Blunden, Andy. "1903: Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party Second Congress Part 1". marxists.org. Retrieved 27 أكتوبر 2017.
  3. ^ "Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party". Encyclopædia Britannica. 20 يوليو 1998. Retrieved 13 سبتمبر 2017.
  4. ^ Simkin, John (سبتمبر 1997). "Social Democratic Labour Party". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved 13 سبتمبر 2017. Martov based his ideas on the socialist parties that existed in other European countries such as the British Labour Party.
  5. ^ "Russian Social Democratic Labour Party". Encyclopedia of Marxism. Retrieved 13 سبتمبر 2017. [...] with some arguing that reformism is necessary before revolution, and by the same logic, that capitalism is necessary before socialism.
  6. ^ Thatcher, Ian D. (أكتوبر 2007). "The First Histories of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party, 1904-06". The Slavonic and East European Review. pp. 724, 752. JSTOR 25479136.
  7. ^ Ascher, Abraham. The Revolution of 1905. p. 4.

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