بلاكپول

يجب ألا يـُخلـَط بينها وبين "black pool" in billiards, or the spring in the United States called "Black Pool".
For other uses, see بلاكپول (توضيح).
Blackpool
Town, borough and unitary authority
Blackpool Promenade, including Blackpool Tower
Blackpool Promenade, including
Blackpool Tower
الشعار الرسمي لـ Blackpool
Coat of Arms of the Borough Council
Blackpool shown within Lancashire
Blackpool shown within Lancashire
Blackpool is located in إنگلترة
Blackpool
Blackpool
Blackpool shown within England
الإحداثيات: 53°48′51″N 03°03′01″W / 53.81417°N 3.05028°W / 53.81417; -3.05028
Sovereign state المملكة المتحدة
Constituent countryEngland
RegionNorth West England
Ceremonial countyLancashire
Administrative HQBlackpool
الحكومة
 • النوعUnitary authority
 • الكيانBlackpool Council
 • LeadershipLeader and cabinet
 • Executive 
 • MayorAmy Cross[1]
 • LeaderSimon Blackburn
 • Chief ExecutiveNeil Jack
المساحة
 • الإجمالي13٫46 ميل² (34٫85 كم²)
ترتيب المساحة[[List of English districts by area|]]
المنسوب
16 ft (5 m)
التعداد
 (2008 تق.)
 • الإجمالي139٬720
 • الترتيبRanked 135th
 • الكثافة10٬000/sq mi (4٬000/km2)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+0 (Greenwich Mean Time)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+1 (British Summer Time)
Postcode
FY1-FY4
مفتاح الهاتف01253
ONS code00EY (ONS)
E06000009 (GSS)
Ethnicity95.5% White
2.0% South Asian
0.9% Mixed
0.8% Black
0.6% Chinese
0.2% Other Asian
Estimate[2]
الموقع الإلكترونيvisitblackpool.com
blackpool.gov.uk

بلاكپول (Blackpool؛ /ˈblækpuːl/ هي منتجع بحري في لانكشر، إنگلترة، على الساحل الشمالي الغربي لإنگلترة. وتقع البلدة على البحر الأيرلندي، بين مصبي نهري ربل وواير، على بعد 17.5 miles (28.2 km) شمال غرب پرستون، و 27 miles (43 km) شمال ليڤرپول، و 30 miles (48 km) شمال غرب بولتون و 40 miles (64 km) شمال غرب مانشستر. ويقدّر عدد سكانها بنحو 142,065 في تعداد 2011.[3][4]

Throughout the Middle Ages and Early Modern period, Blackpool was a coastal hamlet in Lancashire's Hundred of Amounderness, and remained such until the mid-18th century when it became fashionable in England to travel to the coast in the summer to bathe in sea water to improve well-being. In 1781, visitors attracted to Blackpool's 7-mile (11 km)[5] sandy beach were able to use a new private road, built by Thomas Clifton and Sir Henry Hoghton. Stagecoaches began running to Blackpool from Manchester in the same year, and from Halifax in 1782. In the early 19th century, Henry Banks and his son-in-law John Cocker erected new buildings in Blackpool such that its population grew from less than 500 in 1801 to over 2,500 in 1851. St John's Church in Blackpool was consecrated in 1821.

Blackpool rose to prominence as a major centre of tourism in England when a railway was built in the 1840s connecting it to the industrialised regions of Northern England. The railway made it much easier and cheaper for visitors to reach Blackpool, triggering an influx of settlers, such that in 1876 Blackpool was incorporated as a borough, governed by its own town council and aldermen. In 1881, Blackpool was a booming resort with a population of 14,000 and a promenade complete with piers, fortune-tellers, public houses, trams, donkey rides, fish-and-chip shops and theatres.[5] By 1901 the population of Blackpool was 47,000, by which time its place was cemented as "the archetypal British seaside resort".[5] By 1951 it had grown to 147,000.

Shifts in tastes, combined with opportunities for Britons to travel overseas, affected Blackpool's status as a leading resort in the late 20th century. Nevertheless, Blackpool's urban fabric and economy remains relatively undiversified, and firmly rooted in the tourism sector, and the borough's seafront continues to attract millions of visitors every year.[5] In addition to its sandy beaches, Blackpool's major attractions and landmarks include Blackpool Tower, Blackpool Illuminations, the Pleasure Beach, Blackpool Zoo, Sandcastle Water Park, the Winter Gardens, and the UK's only surviving first-generation tramway.


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التاريخ

أصل الاسم

Blackpool gets its name from a historic drainage channel (possibly Spen Dyke) that ran over a peat bog, discharging discoloured water into the Irish Sea, which formed a black pool (on the other side of the sea, "Dublin" (Dubh Linn) is derived from the Irish for "black pool"). Another explanation is that the local dialect for stream was "pul" or "poole", hence "Black poole".

People originating from Blackpool are called Sandgrownians or Sandgrown'uns (as are persons originating from Morecambe and Southport) or Seasiders (although this is more commonly associated with Blackpool F.C.). Blackpudlians is also used but uncommon.[بحاجة لمصدر]

منظر بلاكبول، 1784
رمال بلاكبول في 1895


الكهرباء

فوتوكروم للكورنيش، ح. 1898


المناخ

بيانات مناخ بلاكپول 10m asl, 1981–2010, extremes 1960–
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) 14.3
(57.7) 		15.6
(60.1) 		19.1
(66.4) 		24.0
(75.2) 		26.8
(80.2) 		31.3
(88.3) 		33.7
(92.7) 		32.2
(90) 		26.8
(80.2) 		23.7
(74.7) 		16.8
(62.2) 		14.2
(57.6) 		33٫7
(92٫7)
العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 7.2
(45) 		7.4
(45.3) 		9.4
(48.9) 		12.1
(53.8) 		15.5
(59.9) 		17.7
(63.9) 		19.6
(67.3) 		19.4
(66.9) 		17.4
(63.3) 		13.9
(57) 		10.1
(50.2) 		7.5
(45.5) 		13٫1
(55٫6)
الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 1.9
(35.4) 		1.7
(35.1) 		3.3
(37.9) 		4.7
(40.5) 		7.4
(45.3) 		10.5
(50.9) 		12.8
(55) 		12.7
(54.9) 		10.4
(50.7) 		7.6
(45.7) 		4.7
(40.5) 		2.0
(35.6) 		6٫7
(44٫1)
الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) -11.3
(11.7) 		-13.2
(8.2) 		-9.7
(14.5) 		-6.1
(21) 		-1.9
(28.6) 		-1.0
(30.2) 		3.3
(37.9) 		1.9
(35.4) 		-0.7
(30.7) 		-4.3
(24.3) 		-7.0
(19.4) 		-15.1
(4.8) 		−15٫1
(4٫8)
هطول mm (inches) 78.8
(3.102) 		57.6
(2.268) 		63.7
(2.508) 		52.3
(2.059) 		54.1
(2.13) 		62.8
(2.472) 		61.1
(2.406) 		77.1
(3.035) 		82.4
(3.244) 		103.6
(4.079) 		94.5
(3.72) 		94.7
(3.728) 		882٫7
(34٫752)
Sunshine hours 56.0 78.9 112.3 168.6 217.9 201.2 197.8 182.9 141.9 98.8 61.9 48.1 1٬566٫5
Source #1: MetOffice[6]
Source #2: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute[7]

السياحة

The Big One at Pleasure Beach


المناطق والضيع

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أماكن في بلاكبول


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البلدات التوأم

Blackpool is twinned with:


ملاحظات

الهامش

  1. ^ "The Mayor of Blackpool Councillor Ian Coleman". www.blackpool.gov.uk.
  2. ^ ONS, Blackpool Resident Population Estimates by Ethnic Group (Percentages), 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2012
  3. ^ "Local Authority population 2011". Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  4. ^ "Household Size and Household Numbers". Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  5. ^ أ ب ت ث Andrews et al. 2002, p. 597.
  6. ^ "Blackpool Squires Gate Climate period: 1981-2010". Met Office. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  7. ^ "Blackpool Extremes". Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  8. ^ "Town Twinning". Blackpool Council. Retrieved 2 December 2008.

ببليوگرافيا

وصلات خارجية

معرفة المصادر تحتوي على نص من the 1920 موسعة أمريكانا article بلاكپول.

Coordinates: 53°48′51″N 3°03′1″W / 53.81417°N 3.05028°W / 53.81417; -3.05028

قالب:Blackpool Attractions قالب:Blackpool geography قالب:Blackpool buildings قالب:Blackpool culture قالب:Schools in Blackpool قالب:Lancashire

الكلمات الدالة:
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