المشيميات غير الأفريقية

المشيميات غير الأفريقية; Exafroplacentals; Temporal range: پاليوسين - هولوسين، 65–0 م‌س PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	European mole (Boreoeutheria)
	آكل النمل العملاق (Xenarthra)
التصنيف العلمي
أصنوفة غير معروفة (أصلحها):	الحياة
مملكة:	الحيوانية
Phylum:	حبليات
Class:	الثدييات
تحت صف:	المشيميات
تحت فرقة:	المشيميات_غير_الأفريقية; Waddell et al, 2001
الرتب والفروع
	Superorder Xenarthra: Cingulata (Armadillos); Pilosa (Anteaters, Sloth); ; Magnorder Boreoeutheria: Superorder Laurasiatheria: Insectivora (Shrews, Moles); Cetartiodactyla (Whales, dolphins, ruminants, etc.); Chiroptera (Bats); Perissodactyla (Horses, etc.); Pholidota (Scaly Anteaters); Carnivora (Carnivores); ; Superorder Euarchontoglires: Glires Rodentia (Rodents); Lagomorpha (Rabbits, etc.); ; Euarchonta Scandentia (Tree Shrews); Primatomorpha Dermoptera (Flying Lemurs); Primates; ; ; ;

المشيميات غير الأفريقية Exafroplacentalia أو Notolegia is a clade of placental mammals proposed in 2001 on the basis of molecular research.^[1]^[2]

Exafroplacentalia places Xenarthra as a sister group to the Boreoeutheria (comprising Laurasiatheria and Euarchontoglires),^[3] thus making Afrotheria a primitive group of placental mammals (the group name roughly means "those which are not African placentals").

Updated analysis of transposable element insertions around the time of divergence strongly supports the fourth hypothesis of a near-concomitant origin (trifurcation) of the three superorders of mammals.^{[مطلوب توضيح]}^[4]

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التبويب

Eutheria

Afrotheria

Exafroplacentalia

Xenarthra

Boreoeutheria

	Laurasiatheria

	Euarchontoglires

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

^ Murphy, W.J., Pringle, T.H., Crider, T.A., Springer, M.S. & Miller, W. 2007. Using genomic data to unravel the root of the placental mammal phylogeny. Genome Research 17, pp.413-421.
^ Kriegs, J.O., Churakov, G., Kiefmann, M., Jordan, U., Brosius, J. & Schmitz, J. 2006. Retroposed elements as archives for the evolutionary history of placental mammals. Plos Biol 4, pp.e91.
^ DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00255.x
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^ Nishihara, H., Maruyama, S. & Okada, N. 2009. Retroposon analysis and recent geological data suggest near-simultaneous divergence of the three superorders of placental mammals. PNAS 106: 5235-40.

للاستزادة

DOI:10.1101/gr.090647.108
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DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030002
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DOI:10.1073/pnas.0334222100
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PMID 11791233 (PubMed)
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DOI:10.1073/pnas.0511344103
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[1] Murphy, W.J., Pringle, T.H., Crider, T.A., Springer, M.S. & Miller, W. 2007. Using genomic data to unravel the root of the placental mammal phylogeny. Genome Research 17, pp.413-421.

[2] Kriegs, J.O., Churakov, G., Kiefmann, M., Jordan, U., Brosius, J. & Schmitz, J. 2006. Retroposed elements as archives for the evolutionary history of placental mammals. Plos Biol 4, pp.e91.

[3] DOI:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00255.x
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[4] Nishihara, H., Maruyama, S. & Okada, N. 2009. Retroposon analysis and recent geological data suggest near-simultaneous divergence of the three superorders of placental mammals. PNAS 106: 5235-40.

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