اعلان استقلال ألبانيا

Albanian Declaration of Independence
28nentor.jpg
On 28 November 1913, Ismail Qemali and his cabinet during the celebration of the first anniversary of independence in Vlorë on 28 November 1912.
تأسست28 November 1912
صُدق عليها28 November 1912
المكانVlorë (today in Albania)
المؤلفونIsmail Qemali
الموقعون83 delegates
الغرضIndependence of the Albanian Vilayet from the Ottoman Empire

اعلان استقلال ألبانيا (ألبانية: Shpallja e Pavarësisë, or Deklarata e Pavarësisë) is the declaration of independence of the Albanian Vilayet from the Ottoman Empire. Independent Albania was proclaimed in Vlorë on 28 November 1912.

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خلفية

Skopje after being captured by Albanian revolutionaries in August, 1912 after defeating the Ottoman forces holding the city

The success of the Albanian Revolt of 1912 sent a strong signal to the neighboring countries that the Ottoman Empire was weak.[1] The Kingdom of Serbia opposed the plan for an Albanian Vilayet, preferring a partition of the European territory of the Ottoman Empire among the four Balkan allies.[2] Balkan allies planned the partition of the European territory of the Ottoman Empire among them and in the meantime the territory conquered during First Balkan War was agreed to have status of the Condominium.[3] That was the reason for Ismail Qemali to organize All-Albanian Congress in Vlora.[4]


مؤتمر ڤلورى

تاريخ ألبانيا
Gjergj Kastrioti.jpg

إعلان الاستقلال

The assembly of eighty-three leaders meeting in Vlorë in November 1912 declared Albania an independent country and set up a provisional government. The complete text of the declaration, composed in Albanian and Turkish,[5] was:

In Vlora, on the 15th/28th of November. That time the President was Ismail Kemal Bey, in which he spoke of the great perils facing Albania today, the delegates have all decided unanimously that Albania, as of today, should be on her own, free and independent.

المندوبون

Isa Boletini and his men from Kosovo Vilayet in the streets of Vlorë after the Independence was proclaimed

The 83 Delegates — also called Founding fathers of the Albanian modern state (ألبانية: Baballarët e kombit) — included the following:[6][7]

انظر أيضاً

اقرأ نصاً ذا علاقة في

The Declaration of Albanian independence


المراجع

  1. ^ Warrander, Gail; Verena Knaus (November 2007). Kosovo. United States: The Globe Pequot Press. p. 12. ISBN 1-84162-199-4. At the same time the rebellion sent strong signal to Kosovo neighbors that the Ottoman Empire was weak.
  2. ^ Redlich, Josef; d'Estournelles, Baron; Godart, M. Justin; Shucking, Walter; Hirst, Francis W.; Brailsford, H. N.; Milioukov, Paul; Dutton, Samuel T. (1914). "Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and the Conduct of the Balkan Wars". Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Piece. p. 47. Retrieved 10 January 2011. The Servians hastened to oppose the plan of a "Greater Albania" by their plan for partition of Turkey in Europe among the Balkan States into four spheres of influence.
  3. ^ Redlich, Josef; d'Estournelles, Baron; Godart, M. Justin; Shucking, Walter; Hirst, Francis W.; Brailsford, H. N.; Milioukov, Paul; Dutton, Samuel T. (1914). "Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and the Conduct of the Balkan Wars". Washington D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Piece. p. 49. Retrieved 10 January 2011. In a few weeks the territories of Turkey in Europe .. by the Balkan allies....in their hands as condominium
  4. ^ Zhelyazkova, Antonina (2000). "Albania and Albanian Identities". International Center for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations. Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2011. calling together an all-Albanian congress. On 28 November 1912, delegates from all over the country gathered in Vlora
  5. ^ Pollo, Stefanaq; Selami Pulaha (1978). "175". Akte të rilindjes kombëtare shqiptare 1878-1912 (Memorandume, vendime, protesta, thirrje). Tirana: Akademia e Shkencave të RPS të Shqipërisë. p. 261. Vendimi është hartuar shqip dhe turqisht ...
  6. ^ Schmidt-Neke, Michael (1987). Entstehung und Ausbau der Königsdiktatur in Albanien, 1912–1939. Oldenbourg Verlag. p. 320. ISBN 3-486-54321-0.
  7. ^ Gaçe, Bardhosh. "Ata që shpallën pavarësinë kombëtare" ["Those who declared national independence"]. Tirana: Toena, 2012.

المصادر

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Independent Albania