أنيس باسويدان

أنيس باسويدان
Anies Baswedan, Candidate for Indonesia's President in 2024.jpg
الصورة الرسمية للانتخابات 2023.
حاكم جاكرتا رقم 14
في المنصب
16 أكتوبر 2017 – 16 أكتوبر 2022
النائب
سبقهدجاروت سيفول هدايت
خلـَفههرو بودي هارتونو (بالإنابة)
وزير التعليم والثقافة رقم 27
في المنصب
27 أكتوبر 2014 – 27 يوليو 2016
الرئيسجوكو ويدودو
سبقهمحمد نوح
خلـَفهمهاجر أفندي
عميد جامعة پارامادينا
في المنصب
14 مايو 2007 – 7 يناير 2015
سبقهنورتشوليش مجيد
خلـَفهفيرمانزه
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد
أنيس رشيد باسويدان

7 مايو 1969 (العمر 55 سنة)[1]
كونينگان، إندونيسيا[1]
القوميةإندونيسي
الحزبمستقل
الزوجفري فرحتي گانيس (ز. 1996)
الأنجال4، من بينهم متيارا باسويدان
الأمعالية رشيد
الأبرشيد باسويدان
الأقاربعبد الرحمن باسويدان (جده الأكبر)
نوڤل باسويدان (ابن عمه)
المدرسة الأم
الوظيفة
التوقيع
الموقع الإلكترونيaniesbaswedan.com

أنيس رشيد باسويدان (إنگليزية: Anies Rasyid Baswedan؛ النطق الملايو: [ˈanɪs baˈswɛdan]، و. 7 مايو 1969)، هو أكاديمي، ناشط، وسياسي إندونيسي، وحاكم جاكرتا من 2017 حتى 2022. كناشط طالب ونحلل سياسي قبل دخوله الخدمة العامة، كان أنيس عميداً لجامعة پارامادينا قبل تعيينه وزيراً للتعليم والثقافة في إدارة جوكو ويدودو. وهو أيضاً مؤسس إندونيسيا منگاجار، برنامج يقوم باختيار خريجي الجامعات وتدريبهم وتعيينهم للعمل في مهمة تعليمية مدتها عام واحد في جميع أنحاء البلاد. وهو حفيد الوطني والصحفي والمناضل عبد الرحمن باسويدان، وابن عم نوڤل باسويدان.[2][3][4] كان أنيس مرشحاً في الانتخابات الرئاسية الإندونيسية 2024.

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السنوات المبكرة

Anies Rasyid Baswedan was born on 7 May 1969, in Kuningan, West Java, as the eldest son and child of the three children of Aliyah Rasyid (b. 1940), a lecturer at Yogyakarta State University, and Rasyid Baswedan (1934–2013), a vice rector at Islamic University of Indonesia. His father was the son of Abdurrahman Baswedan (1908–1986), an Arab-Indonesians activist and diplomat who served as a cabinet minister during the Indonesian National Revolution, and was born in 1934, in Yogyakarta, and was of Hadhrami-Javanese descent.[5] While his mother, was born in 1940, in Cipicung, and is a Sundanese descent who graduated from Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia in 1965.[6] The couple later met and married in 1968 and lived in Yogyakarta.[6] Baswedan had two younger brothers, Ridwan Rasyid (1973–2017), a reform activist, and Abdillah Rasyid Baswedan (1980), a businessman, and a younger sister, Haifa Baswedan (1971–1978).[7][8][9] In 1978, when he was vacationing in Jakarta with his family, her sister Haifa died at Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport due to being crushed by cupboard in the bathroom.[9][10][11] Baswedan later referred the accident as the lowest point of his life and experienced a major psychological impact due to the trauma that he would never see his sister again.[9][11] Haifa was later buried at Jatinegara Cemetery.[11]


التعليم

Anies grew up in Yogyakarta, attending SMP Negeri 5 and SMA Negeri 2 Yogyakarta. In 1987, he spent one year as an AFS Intercultural Programs exchange student in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[12] He returned to Indonesia and enrolled at Gadjah Mada University, spending a summer attending Summer Session of Asian Studies at Sophia University in Tokyo, and graduating with a degree in business management. As a Fulbright Scholar, he went to receive his M.P.M. in international security and economic policy from the University of Maryland School of Public Policy (where he was a William P. Cole III Fellow), and Ph.D. in political science from Northern Illinois University, where he was a Gerald S. Maryanov Fellow.[13]

مسيرته الأكاديمية

عميد جامعة پارامادينا

On 15 May 2007, he was appointed rector of Paramadina University, a private university in Jakarta. He succeeded Nurcholish Madjid (commonly referred to as Cak Nur), a prominent liberal Muslim intellectual and scholar who had served as rector since the university's founding in 1998. He became the youngest rector of an Indonesian university, at 38.[14] As rector, Anies established Paramadina Fellowship and included anti-corruption education in the core curriculum, first of its kind in the country.

إندونيسيا منگاجار

Anies rose to national prominence in 2009 when he initiated the Indonesia Mengajar (Indonesia Teaching) Foundation, a nationwide program that selects, trains, and assigns university graduates to serve in a one-year teaching mission across the country. The program was established in response to the unequal quality of education in Indonesia, particularly in the poor and rural parts of the archipelago.[15][16] Anies remained in the leadership until 2013 when he resigned to pursue his political career.

مسيرته السياسية

أنيس باسويدان كوزير للتعليم والثقافة.
أنيس باسويدان برفقة عميد كلية العلوم الاجتماعية والسياسية بجامعة إندونيسيا، سميارتو أجي پوروانتو.

Politically, Anies had been an independent during the early years of his career. He moderated the first debate of 2009 presidential election. He also served in several capacities during Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's administration. Baswedan served as the official spokesperson for the so-called "Team of Eight", which was appointed by President Yudhoyono to oversee the infamous public feud between Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and National Police (Polri), which saw two of the commissioners were criminally charged. In December 2011, he also served on a panel to select potential members of the General Elections Commission (KPU).

In 2010, alongside prominent figures like Sultan Hamengkubuwono X of Yogyakarta and former Muhammadiyah chairman, Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif, Anies co-founded Nasdem, a mass organization. He left soon after it was declared a political party led by media mogul, Surya Paloh. Nasdem went on to win legislative seats in the 2014 legislative election, becoming part of the Widodo coalition.

حملة جوكو ويدودو الإنتخابية

Baswedan joined the Joko Widodo presidential campaign as an official spokesperson. Joko Widodo, a fellow Gadjah Mada University graduate, was said to believe that his presence would gather votes from Indonesian youth voters, a demographic closely affiliated with Anies.[17][18]

الانتقال الرئاسي

After Joko Widodo was declared the winner of the presidential election by the KPU on July 22, 2014, Baswedan was then appointed the Deputy for the presidential transition office, led by Rini Soemarno. The transition team was intended to prepare the cabinet and perfect the program before the official appointment of Joko Widodo and Jusuf Kalla as President and Vice President, respectively. He helped the formation of the cabinet, working alongside Hasto Kristiyanto, Andi Widjajanto, and Akbar Faizal; all but Kristiyanto eventually became Cabinet ministers.[19]

وزير التعليم والثقافة

After Joko Widodo's victory in the presidential election, Anies became the Minister of Education and Culture. And he was inaugurated on 27 October 2014, as a part of the Working Cabinet of President Joko Widodo. As minister, he postponed the implementation of the 2013 Curriculum and returning it to the previous 2006 Curriculum, changed the National Exam to become not a measure of graduation, but only as a mapping of the quality of regional education, established the National Examination Integrity Index to measure the honesty of students in each province, and established a Teacher Competency Test and Teacher Certification Program to improve teacher competence.[20][21][22]

In the reshuffle of the Working Cabinet on 27 July 2016, Anies was replaced by Muhadjir Effendy, Chancellor of the Muhammadiyah University of Malang. Baswedan was accused of deviating from the President's vision by not prioritizing the president's Smart Indonesia Card program.[23] On 10 March 2017, he was reported to the Corruption Eradication Commission for allegedly misappropriating funds amounting to 146 billion rupiah at Frankfurt Book Fair in 2015 when he was still served as Ministry of Education.[24] He was also suspected of having a dark agenda due to smuggled Amba by Laksmi Pamuntjak and Pulang by Leila S. Chudori, a two books which discussed about the 30 September Movement.[24] The Director of Government Against Corruption and Discrimination, Andar Situmorang, then said that Baswedan's actions were very detrimental to the Indonesian people.[24]

حاكم جاكرتا

نتائج انتخابات حكام جاكرتا 2017، الدوائر الانتخابية التي فاز فيها أنيس موضحة باللون الأحمر.

He entered in the 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election, with Sandiaga Uno as his running mate.[25] After the first round of voting on 15 February 2017, Anies proceeded to the second round run-off between two candidates, having secured approximately 40% of the vote, behind Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, the incumbent governor (known as Ahok), with 44%, and well ahead of Agus with 16%.[26] On 19 April 2017 Anies won the runoff election, with approximately 58% of the votes, ahead of Ahok's 42%.[27] He was officially inaugurated as governor on 16 October 2017, replacing interim governor Djarot Saiful Hidayat.[28] One of his campaign promises, OK OTrip, a public transport integration program, was launched in 2017[29] and renamed to Jak Lingko in 2018.[30]

In November 2017, he claimed that congestion in the Tanah Abang district was caused by pedestrians, instead of due to the street vendors conducting business on the area's sidewalks and roads.[31] The city administration followed through by closing a 400-meter road stretch for traffic (except for TransJakarta buses) in order to accommodate the street vendors, against criticism from pedestrians, public transport drivers and regular vendors.[32][33] Although some observers noted that the move might be a violation of national regulations, the street vendors and some city officials praised the move.[34]

Anies in 2019 initiated a school meal program for Jakarta's schoolchildren, starting with 144,000 students in 459 schools that year.[35]


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كوڤيد-19

انظر أيضاً: كوڤيد-19 في إندونيسيا-جاكرتا
ذعر الشراء في جاكرتا جراء الجائحة.

On 7 January 2020, when the coronavirus was still an epidemic in Wuhan, China, Anies anticipated the outbreak by informing the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office to all hospitals in Jakarta to conduct research and detect any symptoms of pneumonia in Wuhan. The leadership meeting was held with the Immigration Foreigner Supervision Team to discuss the COVID-19 disease to know and anticipate people who came from the place of origin of the outbreak. Then, in February 2020, the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government monitored people who had symptoms of pneumonia, later being identified as COVID-19. Since January 2020, the number of people under monitoring or patients under surveillance continued to grow. After that, Anies issued Governor's Instruction No. 16 of 2020 concerning Increasing Awareness of the Risk of Transmission of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19).

When the first two COVID-19-positive patients were detected in Indonesia, Anies announced the formation of a COVID-19 Response Team. Motor vehicle-free days were abolished to avoid crowds. This was followed by the abolition of learning activities at schools, cessation of office operations, entertainment venues, and tourist destinations which he also closed in March 2020. The large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) were first implemented by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government, as well as the first PSBB implemented in Indonesia.

On 16 March, MRT Jakarta, LRT and TransJakarta started to reduce number of trips, corridors and timetables (06.00 – 18.00), however, this policy was retracted due to long queue in many bus stops and train stations in morning.[36][37][38] Odd-even policy will be halted during outbreak.[39] On 20 March, Anies Baswedan declared a state of emergency in Jakarta for the next 14 days, lasting until 2 April.[40] On 28 March, Jakarta provincial government extended the state of emergency until 19 April.[41] On 2 April, Anies Baswedan allocated IDR 3 trillion to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, and the budget will be used to fund the city's fight against the virus up until May this year, by gradually allocating IDR 1.3 trillion and an additional IDR 2 trillion[42] Jakarta's application for curfew was approved by the Ministry of Health on 7 April and is set to take effect from Friday, 10 April for at least two weeks.[43] On 21 April, the local government prepared 136 schools as isolation areas for COVID-19 and the policy is currently still a proposal waiting for approval from the Education Office.[44] On 9 September, Anies decided to reimpose large-scale social restrictions starting from 14 September due to the high spike of COVID-19 cases in the province.[45]

On 1 December 2020, it was confirmed that Anies tested positive for COVID-19.[46] The test and the announcement came after his deputy, Ahmad Riza Patria, was also known to have contracted the virus.[47][48]

جدل

During his tenure as Governor of Jakarta, Anies attracted numerous controversies for his public statements. During his inauguration speech in 2017, he mentioned "pribumi", which was a word prohibited by the law.[49][50] In 2018, he stated that water from rainfall must be returned to Earth, as God wills it, instead of flowing out to the sea.[51] He echoed similar remarks during his campaign for governorship in 2017.[52] His policies regarding building permits on reclaimed land on the north of Jakarta and demolishing slums without permits have run contrary to his campaign promises in 2017.[53][54] He also gained more controversy due to the mistake city officials made during the budgeting process, resulting in highly inflated prices such as Aibon glue that costs around 82 billion rupiah (around $6 million).[55] During his tenure, the city gave an award to Colosseum Club 1001, a nightclub in Kuningan, Jakarta. This award was later revoked when it was found that the club had numerous issues with drugs and narcotics.[56] On 11 November 2020, Baswedan met chairman of Islamic Defenders Front, Rizieq Shihab, who had returned to Indonesia and was criticized for violating health protocols which required people who have just arrived from abroad to quarantine for 14 days during the COVID-19 pandemic.[57] On 19 October 2023, he admitted of doing identity politics during his campaign and added that it was done by the supporters.[58] Baswedan then added that he was trying to offer an agenda for change and had no intention of politicizing religion.[58]

حملة الانتخابات الرئاسية 2024

page-not-found

The announcement of Muhaimin and the PKB sparked controversy within Anies coalition as some of the parties that provided initial supoort for Anies' candidacy, the Democratic Party and the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) were not previously notified of Muhaimin's candidacy. The announcement shocked the Democratic party. The party claimed that Anies had previously asked its chairman, Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (AHY), to be his running mate but there was no agreement between Nasdem party and Anies as they were still waiting for other potential candidates. But at the same time, Nasdem's chairman, Surya Paloh, decided to forge unity between Anies and Muhaimin as a pair of presidential-vice presidential candidates.[59] After an emergency meeting held at Democratic Party founder Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's house in Cikeas, Bogor Regency, the Democrats announced their withdrawal from Anies coalition. Shortly after, the party joined Prabowo coalition, albeit their effort to offer AHY as Prabowo's candidate failed as Gibran Rakabuming was chosen as his running mate.[60] The PKS, on the other hand, were disappointed by the sudden decision to pick Muhaimin as a vice-presidential candidate, but remained committed to the coalition.[61]

حياته الشخصية

عائلة أنيس باسويدان في 2013.

Baswedan is married to Fery Farhati Ganis, a psychology graduate from Gadjah Mada University, on 11 May 1996. They had a daughter, Mutiara Annisa Baswedan (b. 1997), and three sons, Mikail Azizi, Kaisar Hakam, and Ismail Hakim Baswedan. [62][63]

المصادر

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وصلات خارجية

مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع أنيس باسويدان.
مناصب سياسية
سبقه
Muhammad Nuh 		Minister of Education and Culture
2014–2016 		تبعه
Muhadjir Effendy
سبقه
Djarot Saiful Hidayat 		Governor of Jakarta
2017–2022 		تبعه
Heru Budi Hartono
(acting)
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