أناپا

أناپا
Анапа
بلدة[1]
شاطئ في أناپا
شاطئ في أناپا
علم أناپا
Flag
درع أناپا
Coat of arms
Location of أناپا
أناپا is located in كراي كراسنودار
أناپا
أناپا
Location of أناپا
أناپا is located in روسيا الأوروپية
أناپا
أناپا
أناپا (روسيا الأوروپية)
أناپا is located in أوروپا
أناپا
أناپا
أناپا (أوروپا)
الإحداثيات: 44°52′N 37°22′E / 44.867°N 37.367°E / 44.867; 37.367Coordinates: 44°52′N 37°22′E / 44.867°N 37.367°E / 44.867; 37.367
البلدروسيا
الكيان الاتحاديKrasnodar Krai[1]
Foundedالقرن 14[2]
بلدة status since1846[3]
الحكومة
 • العمدةVasily Shvets
المنسوب
20 m (70 ft)
التعداد
 (2010 Census)[4]
 • الإجمالي58٬990
 • Estimate 
(2018)
75٬865 (+28٫6%)
 • الترتيب280th in 2010
 • Subordinated toبلدة أناپا[5]
 • Capital ofبلدة أناپا[1], Anapsky District[1]
 • Urban okrugAnapa Urban Okrug[6]
 • Capital ofAnapa Urban Okrug[5]
منطقة التوقيتUTC+ ([7])
Postal code(s)[8]
353440—353458
Dialing code(s)+7 86133
OKTMO ID03703000001
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.anapa-official.ru

أناپا (روسية: Ана́па، أديغه: Быгъуркъал؛ إنگليزية: Anapa) هي بلدة في كراي كراسنودار، روسيا، تقع على الساحل الشمالي للبحر الأسود بالقرب من بحر آزوڤ. تعدادها: 88,879 نسمة (تعداد 2020)، 58,990 (تعداد 2010);[4] 53,493 (تعداد 2002);[9] 54,796 (تعداد 1989).[10]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

التاريخ

The archaeological site of Gorgippia

The area around Anapa was settled in antiquity. It was originally a major seaport (Sinda) and then the capital of Sindica. The colony of Gorgippia (باليونانية: Γοργιππία) was built on the site of Sinda in the 6th century BCE by Pontic Greeks, who named it after a king of the Cimmerian Bosporus. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE, Gorgippia flourished as part of the Bosporan Kingdom, as did its guild of shipowners, which controlled maritime trade in the eastern part of the Black Sea. A fine statue of Neokles (a local potentate, son of Herodoros) was unearthed by Russian archaeologists and is now on exhibit at the Russian Museum. Gorgippia was inhabited until the 3rd century CE, when it was overrun by neighbouring native tribes. These tribes, of Circassian or Adyghe origin (specifically of the Natkhuay tribe[بحاجة لمصدر]), gave Anapa its modern name.

Later the Black Sea littoral was overrun by successive waves of Asiatic nomads, including the Sarmatians, Ostrogoths, Huns, Avars, Gokturks, Khazars, Tatars and Circassians who are native to the Northwestern Caucasus. The settlement was renamed Mapa by the Genoese at the turn of the 14th century. Genoese domination lasted until the arrival of an Ottoman fleet in 1475. The Turks later built a fort against the Russian Cossacks. The fortress was repeatedly attacked by the Russian Empire and was all but destroyed during its last siege in 1829. The town was passed to Russia after the Treaty of Adrianople (1829). See Russian conquest of the Caucasus#Black Sea Coast. It was included in Black Sea Okrug of Kuban Oblast and was granted town status in 1846.[3]

It was occupied by Ottomans between 1853 and 1856 during the Crimean War. It became part of Black Sea Governorate in 1896. Elizabeth Pilenko, later named as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, was the mayor during the Russian Revolution. It became part of Kuban-Black Sea Oblast in 1920. During World War II, it was occupied and totally demolished by Nazi Germany with the help of Romanian troops between August 30, 1942 and September 22, 1943.


الوضع الإداري والبلدي

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Anapa serves as the administrative center of Anapsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with three rural localities, incorporated separately as the Town of Anapa—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the territories of the Town of Anapa and of Anapsky District are incorporated as Anapa Urban Okrug.[5][6]

Commemorative coin of the Bank of Russia with a face of Anapa of 10 rubles (2014)

السياحة

The town boasts a number of sanatoria and hotels. Anapa, Sochi, and several other cities along the Russian coast of the Black Sea have enjoyed a substantial increase in popularity among Russians since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, which left traditional Soviet resort cities in Georgia and Ukraine. Anapa is served by the Anapa Airport.

Anapa, like the other Black Sea coast resorts, has a superb sunny summer climate. Anapa has beautiful, mostly sandy beaches. However, Anapa seldom attracts tourists from outside Russia due to its modest infrastructure and its inconvenient accessibility from Europe via Moscow or Krasnodar. Anapa remains an attractive option for Russians who prefer the inexpensive Russian resort to other destinations.

النقل

  • Train station in Anapa

    Train station in Anapa

  • Anapa Airport

    Anapa Airport

Transportation facilities include the Anapa Airport, a railway station, an international passenger port for small-tonnage ships, a bus station, and a network of highways.[11]

المناخ

Anapa has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with mediterranean (Csa) influences at the lower elevations.[12] Compared to cities further south along the coast like Novorossiysk and Sochi, Anapa receives considerably less rainfall but has somewhat colder winters.

بيانات مناخ أناپا (1991–2020، القصوى 1959–الحاضر)
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) 17.7
(63.9) 		21.0
(69.8) 		24.5
(76.1) 		29.2
(84.6) 		31.1
(88) 		36.3
(97.3) 		38.0
(100.4) 		38.2
(100.8) 		32.9
(91.2) 		35.6
(96.1) 		27.1
(80.8) 		22.3
(72.1) 		38٫2
(100٫8)
العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 6.2
(43.2) 		6.7
(44.1) 		9.8
(49.6) 		15.0
(59) 		20.1
(68.2) 		25.2
(77.4) 		28.7
(83.7) 		29.2
(84.6) 		23.9
(75) 		18.1
(64.6) 		12.1
(53.8) 		8.1
(46.6) 		16٫93
(62٫47)
المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) 2.9
(37.2) 		3.2
(37.8) 		6.4
(43.5) 		11.0
(51.8) 		16.2
(61.2) 		21.3
(70.3) 		24.4
(75.9) 		24.5
(76.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		14.0
(57.2) 		8.3
(46.9) 		4.8
(40.6) 		13٫04
(55٫48)
الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 0.2
(32.4) 		0.4
(32.7) 		3.6
(38.5) 		7.9
(46.2) 		13.1
(55.6) 		17.9
(64.2) 		20.3
(68.5) 		20.1
(68.2) 		15.2
(59.4) 		10.4
(50.7) 		5.2
(41.4) 		2.0
(35.6) 		9٫69
(49٫45)
الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) -23.9
(-11) 		-20.0
(-4) 		-13.2
(8.2) 		-5.1
(22.8) 		0.7
(33.3) 		7.6
(45.7) 		11.1
(52) 		8.5
(47.3) 		2.0
(35.6) 		-6.3
(20.7) 		-12.2
(10) 		-18.9
(-2) 		−23٫9
(−11)
هطول mm (inches) 60
(2.36) 		47
(1.85) 		51
(2.01) 		38
(1.5) 		40
(1.57) 		41
(1.61) 		34
(1.34) 		34
(1.34) 		55
(2.17) 		53
(2.09) 		50
(1.97) 		62
(2.44) 		565
(22٫24)
% Humidity 81 78 77 77 77 78 71 69 72 75 79 81 76
Avg. rainy days 13 12 13 13 11 9 7 6 9 10 13 14 130
Avg. snowy days 6 6 4 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 2 5 23
Sunshine hours 72.9 97.1 148.8 191.0 272.3 310.1 339.9 319.1 251.7 191.5 102.9 58.6 2٬355٫9
Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[13]
Source #2: Weatherbase (sunshine hours)[14]
متوسط درجة حرارة البحر (1977-2006).[15]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
درجات الحرارة المتوسطة 6.8 °C 6.1 °C 7.4 °C 10.6 °C 15.1 °C 20.0 °C 23.1 °C 24.1 °C 21.1 °C 16.6 °C 11.9 °C 8.7 °C


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

الثقافة

The Town Theater of Anapa is located on Krymskaya Street. It was opened after the reconstruction of the Town Cultural Center.[16] There are twenty nine public libraries including four for children. In 2010 the libraries of Anapa received more than 8,000 books, and magazines and newspapers were ordered costing more than 1,000,000 roubles, in addition, nine hundred CDs were purchased.[17]

The only remaining gates of an Ottoman fort
Anonymous ruler of the city of Gorgippia (Anapa) in the Bosporan Kingdom, c. 180 AD, during the period of Roman Crimea. Or alternatively the Roman Emperor at that time, Marcus Aurelius.

There is museum of Local History (Краеведческий музей) on Protapova Street.[18]

العمارة والمناظر

قائمة العمد

أنشطة

البلدات التوأم والمدن الشقيقة

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Anapa is twinned with:

معرض صور

  • Administration building

    Administration building

  • Anapa river

    Anapa river

  • The sea in Anapa

    The sea in Anapa

  • Lighthouse

    Lighthouse

  • temple of Saint Onuphrius the Great

    temple of Saint Onuphrius the Great

  • The only remaining gates of an Ottoman fort

    The only remaining gates of an Ottoman fort

  • Equestrian statue in Gemete restaurant of the Colosseum

    Equestrian statue in Gemete restaurant of the Colosseum

  • Lenin Monument

    Lenin Monument

  • Beach in the Little Bay

    Beach in the Little Bay

  • Concert platform "Summer Estrada"

    Concert platform "Summer Estrada"

  • Chapel of the Prophet Hosea

    Chapel of the Prophet Hosea

  • Archaeological Museum "Gorgippia" . Excavations of the ancient city of Gorgippia

    Archaeological Museum "Gorgippia" . Excavations of the ancient city of Gorgippia

  • Monument to Ataman Bezkrovny

    Monument to Ataman Bezkrovny

  • The Russian Gates are the remains of a Turkish fortress built in 1783

    The Russian Gates are the remains of a Turkish fortress built in 1783

  • Anapa Lighthouse

    Anapa Lighthouse

  • On the embankment

    On the embankment

المراجع

ملاحظات

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03
  2. ^ Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 20. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  3. ^ أ ب "General Information" (in الروسية). Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  4. ^ أ ب Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  5. ^ أ ب ت Charter of Anapa Urban Okrug
  6. ^ أ ب Law #676-KZ
  7. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in روسية)
  9. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]][[Category:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|ru]] (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2008-07-25. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров.[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]][[Category:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|ru]] (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. Retrieved 2007-12-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  11. ^ "Archived copy" Вокзал Анапа: жд вокзал Анапа, авто вокзал в Анапе, морской вокзал. Anapa.yuginform.ru (in الروسية). Archived from the original on June 24, 2008. Retrieved March 10, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. ^ "Using the Köppen classification to quantify climate variation and change". Environmental Development, volume 6, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
  13. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in الروسية). Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  14. ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Anapa, Russia". Weatherbase. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
  15. ^ Anapa Water temperature 1977-2006 (in Russian), Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  16. ^ Городской театр [Town theatre]. gorodanapa.com (in الروسية). Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
  17. ^ Сологуб, В. "Некриминальное чтиво". Анапа. Anapa, Russia.
  18. ^ "Archived copy" Анапский краеведческий музей, Анапа. ЮГА.ру (in الروسية). ООО "ЮГА.ру". Archived from the original on March 21, 2012. Retrieved 10 March 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  19. ^ "Анапский археологический музей — филиал Краснодарского государственного историко-археологического музея-заповедника имени Е.Д. Фелицына". Museum.ru. Archived from the original on January 3, 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  20. ^ Остатки турецкой крепости Анапа и памятник А.д. безкровному [Remnants of the Turkish fortress of Anapa and the monument to Bezkrovny]. Anapafuture.ru (in الروسية). Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  21. ^ Храм Святого Онуфрия Великого. Anapahome.ru (in الروسية). Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  22. ^ Анапский Маяк. Turspeak.ru (in الروسية).
  23. ^ Заказник "Большой Утриш". Справка. Eco.rian.ru (in الروسية).
  24. ^ Мать Мария, бывшая в 1917 г. главой Анапы, причислена к лику святых [Mother Maria who was a mayor of Anapa in 1917 is canonised.]. Юга.Ру (in الروسية). Krasnodar, Russia: ООО "ЮГА.ру". February 13, 2004. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  25. ^ Ольга Лихина; Наталья Орлова (September 11, 1993). Канарские острова стали лучшим курортом в мире, не считая Анапы [Canary islands became a best resort in a world, to say nothing about Anapa.]. Коммерсантъ (in الروسية). Russia. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  26. ^ Павлючик, Леонид (September 21, 2000). "От шока — к шику" [From shock to chic]. Труд (in الروسية). Russia. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  27. ^ Анапа официально открыла курортный сезон [Anapa officially opened the holiday season]. RATA-news (in الروسية). Russia. يونيو 23, 2004. Archived from the original on February 26, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  28. ^ Краснодарский край. Мэрию Анапы ждут реформы, в том числе кадровые. [Krasnodar Krai. Reforms, Including Staffing, Planned in Town Hall of Anapa]. Regions.ru (in الروسية). Russia. December 16, 2004. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  29. ^ А. Пахомов вступил в должность мэра Анапы [A. Pakhomov assumed the position of Mayor of Anapa]. Юга.Ру (in الروسية). Russia. March 22, 2006. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  30. ^ Кузнецова, Татьяна (April 3, 2009). Вступит в должность новый мэр Анапы [The new mayor of Anapa will assume post.] (in الروسية). Russia. RIA Novosti. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  31. ^ "www.kinoshock.ru". Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
  32. ^ Жданович, Николай (سبتمبر 15, 2010). Знаковый момент [Moment of significance]. Рэспубліка (in الروسية). Belarus. Archived from the original on أغسطس 23, 2011. Retrieved مارس 14, 2011.
  33. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 4, 2011. Retrieved 2009-11-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

المصادر

وصلات خارجية

تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=أناپا&oldid=2449437"