ززاو

(تم التحويل من Zazzau)
Zazzau
Gate to the palace of the emir of Zazzau
Gate to the palace of the emir of Zazzau
علم Zazzau
Zazzau is located in نيجيريا
Zazzau
Zazzau
الإحداثيات: 11°04′N 7°42′E / 11.067°N 7.700°E / 11.067; 7.700
Country نيجريا
StateKaduna State
الحكومة
 • النوعMonarch
 • EmirAhmed Nuhu Bamalli

ززاو Zazzau ، وتـُعرف أيضاً بإسم إمارة زاريا Zaria Emirate ، هي traditional state with headquarters in the city of Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The current emir of Zazzau is H.E Alhaji Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli CFR, who succeeded the former emir, late Alhaji Shehu Idris.[1]

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مملكة الهاوسا المبكرة

The most important source for the early history of Zazzau is a chronicle composed in the early 20th century from an oral tradition. It tells the traditional story of the foundation of the Hausa kingdoms by Bayajidda an Arab adventurer from Baghdad, and gives a list of rulers along with the length of their reigns. According to this chronology, the original Hausa or Habe kingdom is said to date from the 11th century, founded by King Gunguma.[2] This source also makes it one of the seven Hausa Bakwai states. Zazzau's most famous early ruler was Queen (or princess) Amina, who ruled either in the mid-15th or mid-16th centuries, and was held by Muhammed Bello, an early 19th-century Hausa historian and the second Sultan of Sokoto, to have been the first to establish a kingdom among the Hausa.[3]

Zazzau was a collection point for slaves to be delivered to the northern markets of Kano and Katsina, where they were exchanged for salt with traders who carried them north of the Sahara.[4] According to the history in the chronicle, Islam was introduced to the kingdom around 1456, but appears to have spread slowly, and pagan rituals continued until the Fulani conquest of 1808. At several times in its history, Zazzau was subject to neighboring states such as Songhai, Bornu and Kwararafa.[5]

Mosque of the palace


إمارة الفولاني اللاحقة

In December 1808 the kingdom was captured in the Fulani jihad.[6] The Hausa (Habe) ruler had escaped to Abuja, where he established a state now known as the Suleja Emirate, retaining his independence and the title of "Sarkin Zazzau". The ruler of the modern Zazzau Emirate also uses the title "Sarkin Zazzau" or "Sarkin Zaria". After the jihad, the culturally similar but pastoral or nomadic Fulani intermarried with the more settled Habe farmers, and the people of the Emirate today are generally known as Hausa-Fulani. The government of the Zaria Emirate differed from other emirates created at this time in that offices were rarely hereditary, but were appointed based on merit or obligation.[5]

Rulers

Hausa kingdom

Names and Dates taken from John Stewart's African States and Rulers (1989).[7]

Capitals (c. 1010 – c. 1578): Turunku, Wuciciri, Rikoci, Kawar[8]

Start End Ruler
c. 1010 ? Gunguma
? ? Matani (or Matazo)
? ? Tumso (or Tumsah)
? ? Tamusa
? ? Sulimano
? ? Nasabo (or Maswaza)
? ? Danzaki (or Dinzaki)
? ? Saiwago (or Nayoga)
? ? Kwasari (or Kauchi)
? ? Nwaiku (or Nawainchi)
? ? Besekal (or Machikai)
? ? Kuna (or Kewo)
? ? Bashikarr
? ? Maji Dadi (or Majidada)
? ? Kirari (or Dihirahi)
? ? Jenhako (or Jinjiku)
? 1505 Sukana
1505 1530 Rabon Bawa (or Monan Abu)
1530 1532 Gudumua Muska (or Gidan Dan Masukanan)
1532 1535 Tukuariki (or Nohir)
1535 1536 Uwan (or Kawanissa)
1536 1539 Bakwa Turunku (female ruler)
1539 1566 Ibrihimu
1566 1576 Karama
1576 1578 Kafow

The kingdom's name changed to Zaria at the end of the 16th century.[8]

Capital (c. 1578 – 1835): Zaria (originally founded in 1536 and named after Chief Bakwa's daughter Zaria)[9]

Start End Ruler
1578 1584 Ali
1584 1597 Bako Majirua
1597 1608 Bako Su Aliyu
1608 1611 Bako Mahama Gabi (or Gadi)
1611 1611 Bako Hamza (ruled for one day)
1611 1618 Bako Abdu Ashkuku (or Abdaku)
1618 1621 Bako Brima (or Burema)
1621 1646 Bako Ali
1646 1647 Bako Majam Rubu
1647 1660 Bako Brima
1660 1670 Bako Shukunu
1670 1678 Bako Aliyu
1678 1682 Bako Brima Hasko
1682 1710 Bako Mahama Rubo
1710 1718 Bako
1718 1727 Bako Aliyu
1727 1736 Bako Dan Musa
1736 1738 Bako Ishihako (or Ishaq)
1738 1750 Bako Makam Danguma
1750 1757 Bako Ruhawa
1757 1758 Bako Makam Gaba
1758 1760 Bako Mair ari Ashaka Okao
1760 1762 Kao
1762 1764 Bako Bawa
1764 1770 Yonusa
1770 1788 Baba (or Yakuba)
1788 1793 Aliyu
1793 1795 Chikkoku
1795 1796 Mai haman Maigano
1796 1802 Ishihako Jatao (or Ishaq Jatao)
1802 1804 Makkam (or Muhamman Makau)

Independent Fulani rulers

The gate before renovation in 1970

The kingdom was taken over by the Fulani Empire in 1804 and became an emirate in 1835.[9] The Hausa rulers went into exile and founded Abuja.[9] The emirate was taken by the British in 1902.[9]

Rulers of the independent Fulani emirate:[6]

Start End Ruler
1804[9] 17 May 1821 Malam Musa ibn Suleiman Ibn Muhammad
1804 1825 Muhamman Makau (Hausa ruler in exile)[9]
June 1821 1834 Yamusa ibn Mallam Kilba
1825 1828 Abu Ja (Hausa ruler in exile)[9]
1834 18 December 1846 Abd al-Karim ibn Abbas
6 January 1846 28 February 1846 Hammada ibn Yamusa
15 Apr 1846 Apr 1853 Muhammad Sani ibn Yamusa
Apr 1853 Dec 1853 Sidi `Abd al-Qadir ibn Musa
Jan 1854 5 Aug 1857 Abd as-Salam ibn Muhammad Ka'i
21 Sep 1857 Oct/Nov 1871 Abd Allah ibn Hammada (1st time)
22 Nov 1871 Jun/Jul 1874 Abu Bakr ibn Musa (d. 1873)
Aug/Sep 1874 Nov/Dec 1879 Abd Allah ibn Hammada (2nd time)
26 Dec 1879 Jan 1888 Muhammad Sambo ibn Abd al-Karim
Jan 1888 13 Feb 1897 Uthman Yero ibn Abd Allah (d. 1897)
17 Apr 1897 Mar 1902 Muhammad Lawal Kwassau ibn Uthman Yero

Colonial period and later rulers

Rulers of the independent Fulani emirate:[6]

Start end; Rulers
March 1903 8 April 1903 Sulayman (regent from 11 Sep 1902)
8 April 1903 9 November 1920 Ali ibn Abd al-Qadir (d. 1924)
1920 1924 Dallatu ibn Uthman Yero
1924 1936 Ibrahim ibn Muhammad Lawal Kwassau (b. c.1886 - d. 1936)
1937 August 1959 Malam Jafar ibn Ishaq (b. 1891 - d. 1959)
September 1959 4 February 1975 Muhammad al-Amin ibn Uthman (b. 1908 - d. 1975)
8 February 1975 20 September 2020 Shehu Idris (b. 1936 - d. 2020)[10]
7 October 2020 Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli (b. 1966 - to date)

وصلات خارجية

  • Dan Isaacs (September 28, 2010). "Nigeria's emirs: Power behind the throne". BBC News. Retrieved 2010-09-29.


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المراجع

  1. ^ Isa Liman (4 January 2010). "Zazzau Emirate Council to Send Man Who Lost Private Part Abroad for Treatment". Daily Trust. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  2. ^ E. J. Arnett, "A Hausa Chronicle" Journal of the Royal African Society 9 (1910)
  3. ^ Muhammad Bello, Infaq 'l-Maysuur, chapter 7, translated Muhammad Shareef, (Sennar, Sudan,2008) http://www.siiasi.org/Chapter%207%20_Infaaq_.pdf
  4. ^ "Zaria". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  5. ^ أ ب M. G. Smith, International African Institute. (1960). "Government in Zazzau, 1800-1950". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  6. ^ أ ب ت "Traditional States of Nigeria". WorldStatesmen.org. Retrieved 2010-09-01.
  7. ^ Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. pp. 297–298. ISBN 0-89950-390-X.
  8. ^ أ ب Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. p. 298. ISBN 0-89950-390-X.
  9. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. p. 297. ISBN 0-89950-390-X.
  10. ^ "Just in Emir of Zaria Shehu Idris dies at 84". 20 September 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.