رأس-صدر
الرأس-صدر cephalothorax، والذي يسمى أيضاً prosoma في بعض المجموعات، هو tagma لمختلف المفصليات، يضم الرأس والصدر fused together, as distinct from the abdomen behind.[1] (The terms prosoma and opisthosoma are equivalent to cephalothorax and abdomen in some groups.) كلمة cephalothorax مشتقة من Greek words for head (κεφαλή, kephalé) and thorax (θώραξ, thórax).[2] This fusion of the head and thorax is seen in chelicerates and crustaceans; in other groups, such as the سداسيات الأرجل (including insects), the head remains free of the thorax.[1] In horseshoe crabs and many crustaceans, a hard shell called the carapace covers the cephalothorax.[3]
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تشريح العنكبيات
Fovea
The fovea is the centre of the cephalothorax and is located behind the head (only in spiders).[4] It is often important in identification. It can be transverse or procurved [5] and can, in some tarantulas (e.g. Ceratogyrus darlingi) have a "horn".[6]
Clypeus
The clypeus is the space between the anterior of the cephalothorax and the ocularium. It is found in most arachnids.[5] It is connected to the labrum of the invertebrate, between the labrum and the face.
Ocularium
The ocularium is a "turret" for the ocelli found in most arachnids.[7] In harvestmen, it may have the ornament of spines.[8]
Trident
The trident is a small group of (usually three) spines found in harvestmen exclusively. It is located in front of the ocularium. It varies in size amongst species; in some it is completely absent, and in others it is enlarged considerably.[8]
الهامش
- ^ أ ب Eldra Pearl Solomon, Linda R. Berg & Diana W. Martin (2004). "The animal kingdom: an introduction to animal diversity". Biology (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 534–549. ISBN 978-0-534-49276-2.
- ^ Timothy J. Gibb & C. Y. Oseto (2006). "Glossary". Arthropod Collection and Identification: Field and Laboratory Techniques. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-369545-1.
- ^ Andrew J. Martinez (2003). "Arthropoda (crabs, shrimps, lobsters)". Marine Life of the North Atlantic: Canada to New England (3rd ed.). Aqua Quest Publications. pp. 144–175. ISBN 978-1-881652-32-8.
- ^ Dalton, Steve (2008). Spiders; The Ultimate Predators. A & C Black, London. P.p. 19. ISBN 9781408106976.
- ^ أ ب Smith, A. M. (1990c). Baboon spiders: Tarantulas of Africa and the Middle East. Fitzgerald Publishing, London, pp. 138. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
- ^ Gallon, R.C. (2008). "On some poorly known African Harpactirinae, with notes on Avicuscodra arabica Strand, 1908 and Scodra pachypoda Strand, 1908 (Araneae, Theraphosidae)". Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society. 14: 238.
- ^ Spiders... Yorkshire Naturalists Union. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
- ^ أ ب Sankey, John & Savory, Theodore. British Harvestmen. Academic Press. P.p. 1-75. ISBN 012619050X.