سورا (مدينة)

Sura

סורא
Sura סורא
	Sura Location in modern day Iraq
	الإحداثيات: 31°53′N 44°27′E / 31.883°N 44.450°E
Country	Iraq

Sura (سريانية: ܫܘܪܐ) was a city in the southern part of the area called by ancient Jewish sources Babylonia, located east of the Euphrates. It was well-known for its agricultural produce, which included grapes, wheat, and barley. It was also a major center of Torah scholarship and home of an important yeshiva—the Sura Academy—which, together with the yeshivas in Pumbedita and Nehardea, gave rise to the Babylonian Talmud.

الموقع

حسب شريرا جاؤون، فإن سورا (Imperial Aramaic: סורא) كانت هي نفسها بلدة Mata Mehasya، المذكورة أيضاً في التلمود، ولكن Mata Mehasya مذكورة في التلمود عدة مرات، إما كبلدة قريبة أو ضاحية لسورا،^[1] والمدرسة التلمودية في Mata Mehasya عملت كفرع لمدرسة سورا، التي أسسها Abba Arikha في القرن الثالث.

وثمة مصدر سرياني معاصر يصفها كبلدة كل سكانها يهود، تقع بين ماحوزه والحيرة في السواد. كما أن رداً من Natronai ben Hilai يقول أن سورا كانت تبعد نحو 6 كيلومترات من Harta D'Argiz, المفهوم أنها الحيرة.^[2]

History

Byzantine–Sasanian wars

It was a [Byzantine] garrison of some importance in the Persian campaigns of Belisarius; and a full account is given of the circumstances under which it was taken and burned by Chosroes I. (A.D. 532), who, having marched three long days' journey from Circesium to Zenobia, along the course of the Euphrates, thence proceeded an equal distance up the river to Sura. Incidental mention of the bishop proves that it was then an episcopal see. (Procop. Bell. Pers. i. 18, ii. 5.) Its walls were so weak that it did not hold out more than half an hour; but it was afterwards more substantially fortified, by order of the emperor Justinian. (Id. de Aedificiis Justiniani, ii. 9.)"^[3]

انظر أيضاً

تاريخ اليهود في العراق
Talmudic Academies in Babylonia
- Peroz-Shapur, now Anbar (town), a town adjacent or identical to Nehardea; academy of Pumbedita was moved to this town for half of the sixth century
- Māḥōzē, modern-day al-Mada'in; the academy of Pumbedita was relocated to Māḥōzē during the time of the Amora Rava
- Nehardea Academy (in Nehardea)
- Pumbedita Academy (in Pumbedita for most of its history; near what is now Fallujah)
- Pum-Nahara Academy
- Sura Academy
Talmudic Academies in Syria Palaestina

المراجع

^ * قالب:Daat enc
^ Gîl, Moše (2004). Jews in Islamic Countries in the Middle Ages. BRILL. p. 507. ISBN 90-04-13882-X.
^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Vol. II. Iabadius—Zymethus (1870). Edited by William Smith. London: Walton and Maberly; John Murray, London, p. 1048. هذا المقال يضم نصاً من هذا المصدر، الذي هو مشاع.

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[1] * قالب:Daat enc

[2] Gîl, Moše (2004). Jews in Islamic Countries in the Middle Ages. BRILL. p. 507. ISBN 90-04-13882-X.

[3] Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Vol. II. Iabadius—Zymethus (1870). Edited by William Smith. London: Walton and Maberly; John Murray, London, p. 1048. هذا المقال يضم نصاً من هذا المصدر، الذي هو مشاع.

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