كليمنتن
Kalimantan | |
|---|---|
 Location of Kalimantan (Indonesia) in Borneo Island | |
| الإحداثيات: 1°S 114°E / 1°S 114°ECoordinates: 1°S 114°E / 1°S 114°E | |
| Country | إندونيسيا |
| Province | West Kalimantan Central Kalimantan South Kalimantan East Kalimantan North Kalimantan |
| Largest cities | Balikpapan Banjarmasin Palangkaraya Pontianak Samarinda Tarakan Tanjung Selor |
| التعداد (2020 Census)[1] | |
| • الإجمالي | 16٬625٬796 |
| ISO 3166 code | ID-KA |
| Vehicle sign | DA KB KH KT KU |
| HDI | ▲ 0.708 (High) |
كاليمنتان Kalimantan هي الجزء الإندونيسي من جزيرة بورنيو،[2] وفي الإندونيسية، تعني "كاليمنتان" جزيرة بورنيو بالكامل.[2] وتشكل الأراضي الإندونيسية أكثر من 73% من إجمالي مساحة الجزيرة، و70% من (12,000,000) عدد السكان. بينما تشكل باقي أراضي جزيرة بورنيو (609,000) وماليزيا الشرقية (6,000,000). ويعرف الاقليم باسم بورنيو الإندونيسية.
In 2019, President of Indonesia Joko Widodo proposed that Indonesia's capital be moved to Kalimantan, and in January 2022 Indonesian legislature approved the proposal.[3] The shift is expected to take up to 10 years.[4]
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أصل الاسم
Most Indonesian refer to The name Kalimantan as derived from the Sanskrit word Kalamanthana, which means "burning weather island", or island with a very hot temperature, referring to its hot and humid tropical climate. It consists of the two words kal[a] ("time, season, period") and manthan[a] ("boiling, churning, burning") because of Indianized culture [5] But the Native people of the Indonesian Borneo referred to their island as Pulu K'lemantan or "Kalimantan" when the sixteenth century Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes made contact with them.[6][7] Its association with the island and its people has also been attributed to British scientist and colonial administrator Charles Hose from the early 20th century.
المساحة
The Indonesian territory makes up 73% of the island by area, and 72.1% of its 2020 population of 23,053,723 (the population was 13,772,543 at the 2010 Census of Indonesia, and 16,625,796 at the 2020 Census).[8] The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are of Brunei (460,345 in 2020[9]) and East Malaysia (5,967,582 in 2020), the latter comprising the states of Sabah (3,418,785) and Sarawak (2,453,677), and the federal territory of Labuan (95,120). The region within Indonesia is also known as Indonesian Borneo.
Kalimantan's total area is 539,237.77 square kilometres (208,201 sq mi).[10]
The widespread deforestation and other environmental destruction in Kalimantan and other parts of Indonesia has often been described by academics as an ecocide.[11][12][13]
وتنقسم كاليمنتان إلى أربعة مقاطعات:
- كاليمنتان الشرقية 210,985 كم2
- كاليمنتان الجنوبية 36,535 كم2
- كاليمنتان الغربية 146,807 كم2
- كاليمنتان الوسطى 36,535 كم2
إجمالي المساحة: 547,891 كم2 / 211,540 ميل2 [10]
التقسيمات الإدارية
Kalimantan is now divided into five provinces. It was administered as one province between 1945 and 1956, but in 1956 it was split into three provinces – East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and West Kalimantan; then in 1957, the province of Central Kalimantan was created when it was split away from the existing South Kalimantan. There remained four provinces until 25 October 2012, when North Kalimantan was split off from East Kalimantan.
| Province | Area (km2) | Pop. (2005 Census) |
Pop. (2010 Census) |
Pop. (2015 Census) |
Pop. (2020 Census)[8] |
Density per km2 (2020) |
Provincial capital |
Largest metro |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| West Kalimantan | 147,307.00 | 4,042,817 | 4,393,239 | 4,783,209 | 5,414,390 | 36.8 | Pontianak | Pontianak |
| Central Kalimantan | 153,564.50 | 1,913,026 | 2,202,599 | 2,490,178 | 2,669,969 | 17.4 | Palangkaraya | Palangkaraya |
| South Kalimantan | 38,744.23 | 3,271,413 | 3,626,119 | 3,984,315 | 4,073,584 | 105.1 | Banjarbaru | Banjarmasin |
| East Kalimantan | 127,346.92 | 2,840,874 | 3,550,586 | 3,422,676* | 3,766,039 | 29.6 | Samarinda | Balikpapan |
| North Kalimantan | 72,275.12 | 473,424 | 524,526 | 639,639 | 701,814 | 9.7 | Tanjung Selor | Tarakan |
| Total | 539,237.77 | 12,541,554 | 14,297,069 | 15,320,017 | 16,625,796 | 30.8 | – | Banjarmasin |
* excluding North Kalimantan, split off from East Kalimantan with resulting population and area loss for the 2015 census.
السكان
| التعداد التاريخي | ||
|---|---|---|
| السنة | تعداد | ±% |
| 1971 | 5٬154٬774 | — |
| 1980 | 6٬723٬086 | +30.4% |
| 1990 | 9٬099٬874 | +35.4% |
| 1995 | 10٬470٬843 | +15.1% |
| 2000 | 11٬331٬558 | +8.2% |
| 2005 | 12٬541٬554 | +10.7% |
| 2010 | 14٬297٬069 | +14.0% |
| 2015 | 15٬320٬017 | +7.2% |
| 2020 | 16٬625٬796 | +8.5% |
| Sources: Statistics Indonesia[14] | ||
الجماعات العرقية
Number of the largest population of ethnic groups according to the 2010 census:
| العرق | West Kalimantan | Central Kalimantan | South Kalimantan | North and East Kalimantan | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Banjarese | 14,430 (0.33%) |
464,260 (21.28%) |
2,686,627 (74.84%) |
440,453 (12.45%) |
3,605,770 (26.31%) |
| داياك | 1,531,989 (34.93%) |
1,029,182 (46.62%) |
80,708 (2.23%) |
351,437 (9.94%) |
2,993,316 (21.78%) |
| جاوي | 427,238 (9.74%) |
478,393 (21.67%) |
523,276 (14.51%) |
1,069,605 (30.24%) |
2,498,512 (18.18%) |
| ملايو | 1,484,085 (33.84%) |
87,348 (3.96%) |
3,681 (0.10%) |
6,053 (0.17%) |
1,581,167 (11.51%) |
| بوگي | 137,282 (3.13%) |
17,104 (0.77%) |
101,727 (2.81%) |
735,819 (20.81%) |
991,932 (7.22%) |
| مادوري | 274,869 (6.27%) |
42,668 (1.93%) |
53,002 (1.47%) |
46,823 (1.32%) |
417,362 (3.04%) |
| صينيون | 358,451 (8.17%) |
5,130 (0.23%) |
13,000 (0.36%) |
32,757 (0.93%) |
409,338 (2.98%) |
| كوتاي | None | None | None | 275,696 (7.80%) |
275,696 (2.01%) |
| سوندانية | 49,530 (1.13%) |
28,580 (1.29%) |
24,592 (0.68%) |
55,659 (1.57%) |
158,361 (1.15%) |
| Batak | 26,486 (0.60%) |
12,324 (0.56%) |
12,408 (0.34%) |
37,145 (1.05%) |
88,363 (0.64%) |
| غيرهم | 80,996 (1.85%) |
42,378 (1.92%) |
114,971 (3.18%) |
485,056 (13.72%) |
723,401 (5.26%) |
| الإجمالي | 4,385,356 (100%) |
2,207,367 (100%) |
3,613,992 (100%) |
3,536,503 (100%) |
13,743,218 (100%) |
الدين
Religion in Kalimantan (2022)[15]
Number of the largest population of religious groups according to the 2010 census:
| الدين | West Kalimantan | Central Kalimantan | South Kalimantan | North Kalimantan | East Kalimantan | الإجمالي |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الإسلام | 2,603,318 (59.22%) |
1,643,715 (74.31%) |
3,505,846 (96.67%) |
378,478 (72.14%) |
2,655,227 (87.68%) |
10,786,584 (78.23%) |
| الپروتستانتية | 500,254 (11.38%) |
353,353 (15.97%) |
47,974 (1.32%) |
109,358 (20.84%) |
228,022 (7.53%) |
1,238,961 (8.99%) |
| الكاثوليكية | 1,008,368 (22.94%) |
58,279 (2.63%) |
16,045 (0.44%) |
29,366 (5.60%) |
109,263 (3.61%) |
1,221,321 (8.86%) |
| الهندوسية | 2,708 (0.06%) |
11,149 (0.50%) |
16,064 (0.44%) |
288 (0.05%) |
7,369 (0.24%) |
37,578 (0.27%) |
| البوذية | 237,741 (5.41%) |
2,301 (0.10%) |
11,675 (0.32%) |
3,879 (0.74%) |
12,477 (0.41%) |
268,073 (1.94%) |
| الكنفوشية | 29,737 (0.68%) |
414 (0.02%) |
236 (0.01%) |
175 (0.03%) |
905 (0.03%) |
31,467 (0.23%) |
| أديان أخرى | 2,907 (0.07%) |
138,419 (6.26%) |
16,465 (0.45%) |
25 (0.00%) |
824 (0.03%) |
158,640 (1.35%) |
| غير مذكور | 671 (0.01%) |
220 (0.01%) |
3 (0.00%) |
454 (0.09%) |
1,497 (0.05%) |
2,845 (0.02%) |
| Not Asked | 10,279 (0.23%) |
4,239 (0.19%) |
12,308 (0.34%) |
2,633 (0.50%) |
12,903 (0.43%) |
42,362 (0.31%) |
| الإجمالي | 4,395,983 (100%) |
2,212,089 (100%) |
3,626,616 (100%) |
524,656 (100%) |
3,028,487 (100%) |
13,787,831 (100%) |
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انظر أيضاً
المصادر
- ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
- ^ أ ب "Kalimantan". Britannica. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
- ^ "Indonesia president proposes to move capital to Borneo | Reuters". Reuters. 2021-07-16. Archived from the original on 2021-07-16. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
- ^ "Nusantara will replace Jarkarta as the new capital of Indonesia". 18 January 2022.
- ^ "Central Kalimantan Province". archipelago fastfact. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
- ^ "Notice historique du royaume Banjarmasin (Bornéo) par M. le Baron T. Van Capellen, lieutenant d'artillerie , aide-de-camp de S. Exc. le gouverneur-général des indes néerlandaises" [Historical record of the Banjarmasin Kingdom (Borneo) by Baron T. Van Capellen, lieutenant of artillery, aide-de-camp of His Excellency, the Governor General of the Dutch Indies]. Le Moniteur des Indes-Orientales et Occidentales [The Monitor of the East and West Indies] (in الفرنسية). The Hague, Netherlands: Belinfant Brothers. 1847. pp. 164.
- ^ "A Discourse Delivered at a Meeting of the Society of Arts and Sciences in Batavia, on the Twenty-fourth day of April 1813, being the Anniversary of the Institution, by the Honorable Thomas Stamford Raffles, President.". Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap, der Kunsten en Wetenschappen [Treatises of the Society of Arts and Sciences in Batavia]. Vol. 7. Batavia, Dutch East Indies: A. H. Hubbard. 1814. p. 21.
- ^ أ ب Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
- ^ "Department of Economic Planning and Development – Population". www.depd.gov.bn (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2017-12-12.
- ^ أ ب "Indonesia General Info". Geohive.com. Archived from the original on 2009-10-15. Retrieved 2009-08-11. خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صالح؛ الاسم "geoh" معرف أكثر من مرة بمحتويات مختلفة. - ^ "Forensic Architecture". forensic-architecture.org. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
- ^ "Explainer: What is ecocide?". Eco-Business (in الإنجليزية). 2022-08-04. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
- ^ Aida, Melly; Tahar, Abdul Muthalib; Davey, Orima (2023), Perdana, Ryzal; Putrawan, Gede Eka; Saputra, Bayu et al., eds. (in en), Ecocide in the International Law: Integration Between Environmental Rights and International Crime and Its Implementation in Indonesia, 740, Paris: Atlantis Press SARL, pp. 572–584, doi:, ISBN 978-2-38476-045-9, https://www.atlantis-press.com/doi/10.2991/978-2-38476-046-6_57, retrieved on 2023-07-05
- ^ "Penduduk Indonesia menurut Provinsi 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 dan 2010". Archived from the original on 2013-07-01. Retrieved 2013-07-17.
- ^ "Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama" (in الإندونيسية). Ministry of Religious Affairs. 31 August 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
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