أوداي‌پور

(تم التحويل من Udaipur)
هذا المقال هو عن the city in Rajasthan. إذا كنت تريد other uses، انظر أوداي‌پور (توضيح).
أوداي‌پور
Udaipur
مدينة
Evening view, City Palace, Udaipur.jpg
Pgk udaipur.jpg
Udaipur palace night.jpg
LakePalaceEarlyMorning.jpg
JagMandir.jpg
I Love Udaipur.jpg
Pichola See.JPG
Udaipur's Landscape.jpg
من أعلى لأسفل:
Evening view of the city, Pratap Gaurav Kendra, City Palace complex, Lake Palace, Jag Mandir, Pratap Park, Lake Pichola, Udaipur landscape
الكنية: 
"City of Lakes"
Udaipur
Udaipur
أوداي‌پور
الموقع في راجستان، الهند
Udaipur
Udaipur
أوداي‌پور
أوداي‌پور (راجستان)
الإحداثيات: 24°35′N 73°41′E / 24.58°N 73.68°E / 24.58; 73.68Coordinates: 24°35′N 73°41′E / 24.58°N 73.68°E / 24.58; 73.68
البلدFlag of India.png الهند
الولايةراجستان
الضلعأوداي‌پور
أسسهارانا أوداي سنغ الثاني
الحكومة
 • الكيانUdaipur Municipal Corporation
المساحة
[1]
 • مدينة64 كم² (25 ميل²)
المنسوب
423 m (1٬388 ft)
التعداد
 (2011)[2]
 • مدينة451٬100
 • العمرانية
474٬531
Languages
 • OfficialHindi
 • Additional OfficialEnglish
 • RegionalMewari
منطقة التوقيتUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
313001- 313024
Telephone code+91- 294
لوحة السيارةRJ-27
Nearest citiesJodhpur, Chittorgarh, Kota, Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Ajmer, Indore, Dungarpur, Banswara
ClimateBSh
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.udaipur.rajasthan.gov.in

أوداي‌پور (Udaipur ؛ pronunciation (المساعدة·معلومات)) (ISO 15919 : Udayapura ), هي مدينة في ولاية راجستان، بالهند.[3][4] It is the historic capital of the kingdom of Mewar in the former Rajputana Agency. It was founded in 1559 by Udai Singh II of the Sisodia clan of Rajput,[5] when he shifted his capital from the city of Chittorgarh to Udaipur after Chittorgarh was besieged by Akbar. It remained as the capital city till 1818 when it became a British princely state,[5] and thereafter the Mewar province became a part of Rajasthan when India gained independence in 1947.[6]

The city is located in the southernmost part of Rajasthan, near the Gujarat border. It is surrounded by the Aravali Range, which separates it from the Thar Desert. It is around 660 km from Delhi and approximately 800 km from Mumbai, placed almost in the middle of two major Indian metro cities. Besides, connectivity with Gujarat ports provide Udaipur a strategic geographical advantage.[7] Udaipur is well connected with nearby cities and states by means of road, rail and air transportation facilities. The city is served by the Maharana Pratap Airport. Common languages spoken include Hindi, English and Rajasthani (Mewari).

Dubbed "the most romantic spot on the continent of India" by British administrator James Tod,[8] Udaipur is a tourist destination and is known for its history, culture, scenic locations and the Rajput-era palaces. It is popularly known as the "City of Lakes" because of its sophisticated lake system. It has seven lakes surrounding the city. Five of the major lakes, namely Fateh Sagar Lake, Lake Pichola, Swaroop Sagar Lake, Rangsagar, and Doodh Talai Lake, have been included under the restoration project of the National Lake Conservation Plan (NLCP) of the Government of India.[9] Besides lakes, Udaipur is also known for its historic forts and palaces, museums, galleries, natural locations and gardens, architectural temples, as well as traditional fairs, festivals and structures.[10] The Udaipur economy is primarily driven by tourism, though minerals, marble processing, chemical manufacturing and development, electronic manufacturing and the handicraft industry are also contributors.[11] Udaipur hosts several state and regional public offices, including offices of Director of Mines and Geology, Commissioner of Excise, Commissioner of Tribal Area Development, Hindustan Zinc Limited, and Rajasthan State Mines and Mineral Corporation Limited. Besides, Udaipur is rising as educational hub as well, with 5 Universities, 14 colleges and more than 160 high schools.[11] Udaipur is home to IIM Udaipur, the fifth best management institution in the country according to NIRF ranking released by the MHRD.

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التاريخ

المقالة الرئيسية: Udaipur State and History of Udaipur


قبل التاريخ

Panoramic view of old city of Udaipur with City Palace behind it.

The Ahar River bank was inhabited in about 2000 BCE. There are footprints of two different civilizations, which provides claims about earliest inhabitants of the Ahar culture: the first ones are the Bhil/Bheels, the indigenous tribes originated at this place, and are still residing in the area in large numbers. The second footprints were of Rajputs, who once entered the enclosed valley, and then continued to live in this place for centuries.[12]

التأسيس كمدينة

Statue of Maharana Pratap of Mewar, commemorating the Battle of Haldighati.

الجغرافيا والمناخ

بيانات مناخ مطار أوداي‌پور (1981–2010, القصوى 1965–2012)
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) 33.3
(91.9) 		37.0
(98.6) 		42.0
(107.6) 		44.0
(111.2) 		46.4
(115.5) 		46.2
(115.2) 		41.4
(106.5) 		38.4
(101.1) 		38.8
(101.8) 		39.4
(102.9) 		36.6
(97.9) 		34.0
(93.2) 		46٫4
(115٫5)
العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 24.6
(76.3) 		27.7
(81.9) 		33.4
(92.1) 		37.8
(100) 		40.2
(104.4) 		37.6
(99.7) 		32.2
(90) 		30.5
(86.9) 		32.5
(90.5) 		33.5
(92.3) 		29.6
(85.3) 		26.0
(78.8) 		32٫1
(89٫8)
الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 7.3
(45.1) 		9.6
(49.3) 		15.4
(59.7) 		20.6
(69.1) 		25.5
(77.9) 		26.3
(79.3) 		24.7
(76.5) 		23.4
(74.1) 		21.7
(71.1) 		17.0
(62.6) 		12.0
(53.6) 		8.2
(46.8) 		17٫6
(63٫7)
الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) -1.2
(29.8) 		-1.3
(29.7) 		5.1
(41.2) 		10.0
(50) 		15.2
(59.4) 		19.0
(66.2) 		20.0
(68) 		19.0
(66.2) 		13.4
(56.1) 		9.4
(48.9) 		3.4
(38.1) 		-0.9
(30.4) 		−1٫3
(29٫7)
سقوط الأمطار mm (inches) 2.4
(0.094) 		2.7
(0.106) 		1.4
(0.055) 		6.8
(0.268) 		13.8
(0.543) 		81.3
(3.201) 		208.8
(8.22) 		208.5
(8.209) 		94.8
(3.732) 		12.8
(0.504) 		11.2
(0.441) 		2.2
(0.087) 		646٫7
(25٫461)
% Humidity 33 26 21 19 24 43 65 72 59 35 36 38 39
Avg. rainy days 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.6 1.2 4.5 8.8 9.8 5.1 1.0 0.7 0.3 32٫8
Source: India Meteorological Department[13][14]


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الديمغرافيا

Population Growth of Udaipur
Census Pop. %±
189146٬700
—
190145٬600-2.4%
191146٬0000.9%
194159٬600
—
195189٬60050.3%
1961111٬10024.0%
1971162٬90046.6%
1981229٬80041.1%
1991308٬60034.3%
2001389٬43826.2%
2011474٬53121.9%
source:[15]
Religions in Udaipur
Religion Percent
Hindus
  
 72.90%
Muslims
  
 15.67%
Jains
  
 9.86%
Sikhs
  
 0.8%
Christians
  
 0.63%
Buddhists
  
 0.02%
Distribution of religions

السياحة

المقالة الرئيسية: Tourist attractions in Udaipur

القائمة

Picture Attraction Period الوصف
City Palace by lake Pichola, Udaipur.jpg City Palace, Udaipur 1559 Standing on the east bank of Lake Pichola is a massive series of palaces built at different times from 1559. Its main entrance is through the triple-arched gate - the Tripolia, built in 1725. This gate leads to a series of courtyards, overlapping partitions, terraces, corridors and gardens. The palace now houses a museum with many antique articles, paintings, decorative furniture and utensils from the royal era.
LakePalaceEarlyMorning.jpg Lake Palace 1743–1746 Situated over an island in Lake Pichola, the Lake Palace was constructed to serve as a royal summer palace. Built of white marble, the palace is now a luxury 5 Star hotel, operating under the "Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces" banner.
JagMandir.jpg Jag Mandir 1551–1652 Jag Mandir is a palace built on an island in the Lake Pichola. Also known as the "Lake Garden Palace", it was constructed by three Maharanas of the Mewar kingdom. The construction started in 1551 and was completed by 1652. The royal family used the palace as a summer resort and pleasure palace.

Rishabhdeo Jain temple (9710280717).jpg

Kesariyaji Temple 9th century

The temple is dedicated to Lord Rishabh dev, the first Jain Tirthankara. The fifty-two pinnacles of the temple are seen from a long distance. The main idol in the temple is of Tirthankara Rishabha, carved in black stone in padmasana posture, about 3.5 feet (1.1 m) tall.

Sajjangarh1.jpg Monsoon Palace - Monsoon Palace, also known as Sajjan Garh Palace, was built as an astronomical center to keep track of the movement of monsoon clouds in the area and also served as the summer resort of the Maharanas. Built with white marble, it is located on Bansdara peak of the Aravalli hill range at an elevation of 944 m (3100 ft) above mean sea level. The palace has view of the city's lakes, palaces, and surrounding countryside.
Jagdish Temple Udaipur.jpg Jagdish Temple 1651 The Jagdish Temple is a large Hindu temple in the middle of Udaipur, built by Maharana Jagat Singh I. A key tourist place in the city, this temple is an example of Māru-Gurjara architecture.
Lake Fatehsagar.jpg Fateh Sagar Lake 1678 Lake Fatehsagar is an artificial lake situated in the north-west part of Udaipur. The lake was originally built by Maharana Jai Singh and later reconstructed and extended by Maharana Fateh Singh. It also houses an aquarium named 'Under the Sun' inaugurated in 2017.
Sukhadia circle, Udaipur, Rajasthan.jpg Sukhadia Circle - Sukhadia Circle (square) is large roundabout in the city's northern suburb and is a recreational centre. The square has in its centre, a small pond amidst which lies a 21 ft high three-tiered fountain. The fountain, made of marble is surmounted by a wheat-ear motif, a symbol of prosperity.
Udaipur-Sahelion Ki Bari-03-Garden of the rain without clouds-20131013.jpg Saheliyon-ki-Bari 1710–1734 Sahelion ki Bari is a garden and tourist space in the northern part of the city. The garden with its fountains and kiosks, a lotus pool and marble elephants, was laid for a group of forty-eight young women attendants who accompanied a princess to Udaipur as part of her dowry.
Pichola See.JPG Lake Pichola 1362 Lake Pichola is an artificial freshwater lake and is one of the several contiguous lakes in the city of Udaipur. The lake's surroundings and the several islands within the lake have been developed over the centuries, with palaces, marble temples, family mansions, bathing ghats (Gangaur Ghat, Ambrai Ghat, Hanuman Ghat) and chabutaras (a raised platform, normally within a courtyard)
Statue of Maharana Pratap of Mewar, commemorating the Battle of Haldighati, City Palace, Udaipur.jpg Moti Magri - Moti Magri or Pearl Hill, is a memorial of the Rajput hero Maharana Pratap. It is basically a small hill, atop of which there is a bronze statue of the Maharana astride his favourite horse "Chetak". It was initiated by Maharana Bhagwat Singh Mewar, and carried over and completed with the help of public trust.
Neemach Mata Temple - Neemach mata is located on a hill near Fateh Sagar Lake. The temple is 900 meters above on the top of the hill. This location provides a holistic view of entire Udaipur.
KarniMata.jpg Karni Mata, Udaipur - Karni mata temple is located at Doodh Talai near Pichola. There is a rope-way which takes visitors to a hill at which this temple is located. There are views of Pichola Lake, Jag Mandir and Doodh Talai. From the top one can view the whole city.
Pgk udaipur.jpg Pratap Gaurav Kendra - Pratap Gaurav Kendra Rashtriya Tirtha is situated at Tiger Hill. It was started by the Veer Shromani Maharana Pratap Samiti, and aims at providing information about Maharana Pratap and the historical heritage of the area with the help of modern technology.
GulabBagh Entrancec.jpg Gulab Bagh and Zoo - Gulab Bagh is the largest garden in Udaipur, situated at heart of the city. It is known for a wide variety plantation and includes various attractions including ponds, a library, toy train, zoological park, temples and a religious place for Arya Samaj, as well as several government offices.
I Love Udaipur.jpg Pratap Park 2016 Pratap Park is a garden situated near the bank of Pichola Lake. It has an open gymnasium and several other attractions.[بحاجة لمصدر] It has gained attraction[بحاجة لمصدر] due to the human-sized alphabets reading "I LOVE UDAIPUR", with a view of Lake Pichola and City Palace in the background.


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الثقافة

Wall painting at Shilpgram, Udaipur
Mewari artist at work


انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ "Udaipur Municipal Corporation - Annual Report 2015-16" (PDF). Janaagraha. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 20, 2018. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  2. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة c2011
  3. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Udaipur location
  4. ^ Srivastava, Soumya (July 30, 2017). "Weekend at Udaipur: Two days are all you need to fall in love with the city of lakes". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on July 30, 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
  5. ^ أ ب "Udaipur History". Official Website of Udaipur via Government of Rajasthan. Archived from the original on June 23, 2015. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
  6. ^ "Udaipur History". Udaipur.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2 November 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  7. ^ "Udaipur Location". Udaipur.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2 November 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  8. ^ "Welcome to Udaipur". lonelyplanet.com. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  9. ^ Reddy, M.S.; Char, N.V.V. (10 March 2004). "Management of Lakes in India" (PDF). worldlakes.org. (NLCP) - National Lake Conservation Plan. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2005. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  10. ^ "Udaipur Tourist Attractions". Udaipur.org.uk. Archived from the original on 10 February 2006. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  11. ^ أ ب "Local Economy" (PDF). Udaipurmc.org. Udaipur Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  12. ^ "Prehistoric Era of Ayad". UdaipurTimes.com. 12 October 2010. Archived from the original on 15 October 2010. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  13. ^ "Station: Udaipur (Dabok)(A) Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 767–768. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  14. ^ أ ب "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M188-M189. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  15. ^ "Historical Demographical Data of the Urban Centers". populstat.info. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
  • "Udaipur State (also called Mewar)". The Imperial Gazetteer of India. 1909. p. 85.
  • Masters, Brian (1990). Maharana: the story of the rulers of Udaipur. Mapin Pub. ISBN 0-944142-28-1.
  • Mehra, S, Mehra, S. P. & Sharma, K. K. (2012). Importance of aquatic avifauna in southern Rajasthan, India. Pg. 159–183. (In: Rawat., M. & Dookia, S. (eds.) Biodiversity of Aquatic Resources, Daya Publishing House, Delhi, 2012) (978-81-7035-789-6)
  • Mehra, S, Mehra, S. P. & Sharma, K. K. (2012). Aquatic Avifauna: Its Importance for Wetland conservation in Rajasthan, India. Pg. 179–190. (In: Mathur, S. M.; Shrivastava, V. K. & Purohit, R. C. (eds.) Conservation of Lakes and Water Resources Management strategies, Himanshu Publications, Udaipur, 2011) (978-81-7906-263-0) Mehra, S, Mehra, S. P. & Sharma, K. K. (2011). Aquatic avifauna of Aravalli Hills Rajasthan, India. pp. 145–167 (In Gupta, V. K. & Verma, A. K. (eds.) Animal Diversity, Natural History and Conservation Vol. I, Daya Publishing House, Delhi, 2011) (ISBN 978-81-7035-752-0)
  • Sharma, K. K. & Mehra, S. P. (2007). Need of studies on anuran in habitats of southern Rajasthan. Frogleg 13: 12–16.
  • Islam, M. Z. & Rahmani, A. R. (2004). Important Bird Areas of India: Priority Sites for Conservation. Indian Bird Conservation Network: Bombay Natural History Society and BirdLife International (UK). Pp. xviii + 1133. (ISBN 0-19-567333-6)

وصلات خارجية

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