كمروڤو

(تم التحويل من Kemerovo)
لمعلومات عن the pig breed، انظر Kemerovo pig.
Kemerovo
Кемерово
City[1]
View of Kemerovo
View of Kemerovo
علم Kemerovo
Flag
درع Kemerovo
Coat of arms
النشيد: none[2]
Location of Kemerovo
Kemerovo is located in روسيا
Kemerovo
Kemerovo
Location of Kemerovo
Kemerovo is located in Kemerovo Oblast
Kemerovo
Kemerovo
Kemerovo (Kemerovo Oblast)
الإحداثيات: 55°22′N 86°04′E / 55.367°N 86.067°E / 55.367; 86.067Coordinates: 55°22′N 86°04′E / 55.367°N 86.067°E / 55.367; 86.067
البلدروسيا
الكيان الاتحاديKemerovo Oblast[1]
FoundedMay 9, 1918[3]
الحكومة
 • الكيانCity Council of People's Deputies[4]
 • Head[4]Ilya Sereduk[5]
المنسوب
140 m (460 ft)
التعداد
 (2010 Census)[6]
 • الإجمالي532٬981
 • Estimate 
(2018)
558٬973 (+4٫9%)
 • الترتيب30th in 2010
 • Subordinated toKemerovo City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1]
 • Capital ofKemerovo Oblast[7], Kemerovsky District[1]
 • Urban okrugKemerovsky Urban Okrug[8]
 • Capital ofKemerovsky Urban Okrug[8], Kemerovsky Municipal District[8]
منطقة التوقيتUTC+ ([9])
Postal code(s)[10]
650000–650004, 650010, 650014, 650016, 650021, 650023–650026, 650029, 650031–650033, 650035, 650036, 650040, 650042–650044, 650051, 650052, 650054–650056, 650060, 650061, 650064–650066, 650068, 650070, 650071, 650700, 650880, 650890, 650899, 650920, 650940–950957, 650960, 650961, 650971–650979, 650991–650993, 650997–650999
Dialing code(s)+7 3842
OKTMO ID32701000001
City DayJune 12[11]
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.kemerovo.ru

كمروڤو (روسية: Ке́мерово; النطق الروسي: [ˈkʲemʲɪrəvə] ؛ Kemerovo) هي مدينة صناعية و مركز إداري لـأوبلاست كمروڤو، روسيا، وتقع عند إلتقاء نهري إسكيتيم و توم، في منطقة مناجم الفحم الرئيسية حوض كوزنيتسك. كان تعدادها 532,981 نسمة في تعداد 2010;[6] 484,754 in the 2002 Census;[12] 520,263 in the 1989 Census.[13]

The city was known as Shcheglovsk until March 27, 1932.[3]

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التاريخ

Kemerovo is an amalgamation of, and successor to, several older Russian settlements. A waypoint named Verkhotomsky ostrog was established nearby in 1657 on a road from Tomsk to Kuznetsk fortress. In 1701, the settlement of Shcheglovsk was founded on the left bank of the Tom; soon it became a village. By 1859, seven villages existed where modern Kemerovo is now: Shcheglovka (or Ust-Iskitimskoye), Kemerovo (named in 1734), Yevseyevo, Krasny Yar, Kur-Iskitim (Pleshki), Davydovo (Ishanovo), and Borovaya. In 1721, coal was discovered in the area. The first coal mines were established in 1907, later a chemical plant was established in 1916. By 1917, the population of Shcheglovo had grown to around 4,000 people.

The area's further development was boosted by the construction of a railway between Yurga and Kolchugino (now Leninsk-Kuznetsky) with a connection between Topki and Shcheglovo. Shcheglovo was granted town status on May 9, 1918, which is now considered to be the date of Kemerovo's founding;[3] and was later known as Shcheglovsk. The town became the central location for the Kuzbass Autonomous Industrial Colony which was established there in 1921. 650 workers from 20 countries settled there and set up what became the Kemerovo Coke Chemical Plant. Some of their descendants visited the modern factory in 2011.[14] On May 27, 1932, Shcheglovsk was renamed Kemerovo[3] and became the administrative center of Kemerovo Oblast in 1943. In March 2018, 60 people were killed when a fire broke out in a shopping mall in the town.[15]


أصل الاسم

The city was named after the village of Kemerovo, named after the surname of the first settlers of the Kemerovs. The ending "ovo" suggests a toponymic transition through a personal name.[16] The village gave its name to the Kemerovo mine that arose under it. In 1925, the city of Scheglovsk was formed from two neighboring villages Kemerovo and Scheglovo, which in 1932 was renamed to Kemerovo after the name of the mine. According to another version, the name is based on the Turkic word kemer - "cliff, coast, cliff".[17][18] The inhabitants of the city are called: Kemerovochanin, Kemerovochanka, Kemerovochane.[19][20]

الوضع الإداري والبلدي

Kemerovo is the administrative center of the oblast[7] and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Kemerovsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Kemerovo City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with a status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, Kemerovo City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Kemerovsky Urban Okrug.[8]

الاقتصاد

The industrialization of Kemerovo was driven and underpinned by coal mining and by the heavy industry based on the availability of coal. It remains an important industrial city, built up during the Soviet period, with important steel, aluminum and machinery based manufacturing plants along with chemical, fertilizer, and other manufacturing industries. Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the city's industries have experienced a severe decline, creating high levels of unemployment. Major companies based in the city include Siberian Business Union.

النقل

النقل العام

The public transport network of Kemerovo consists of 70 city bus routes (including 6 seasonal), 63 suburban (including 35 seasonal), 53 public taxi routes (including 2 seasonal), 5 tram, and 9 trolleybus routes.[21]

686 transport units enter the streets of the city every day, including:

  • 201 buses of city and suburban routes;
  • 364 units of route taxis;
  • 121 units of electric transport.[22]

The fare in public transport is 20 rubles, in express buses - 21 rubles, in fixed-route taxis - 22 rubles (as of March 24, 2019).[23] Free Wi-Fi was used in all Kemerovo trams to attract passenger traffic.[24]

النقل الجوي

The city is served by Kemerovo International Airport that reside 2.5 kilometres to the south-east of the city. It has one runway with artificial turf of class B that length is 3200 meters. The airport is named after the Russian cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, a native of Kuzbass. There are two bus routes to the airport - 101 and 126.

نقل السكك الحديدية

Kemerovo is linked to western Russia by a branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway and has the Kemerovo Railway station.

  • NefAZ-5299 bus

    NefAZ-5299 bus

  • BTZ-52761 trolleybus

    BTZ-52761 trolleybus

  • KTM-19 tram

    KTM-19 tram

  • Kemerovo railroad station

    Kemerovo railroad station

التعليم

Six higher education institutions are located in Kemerovo: Kemerovo State University, Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo Institute of Food Industry (University), Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Kemerovo State Institute of Culture, Kemerovo Agricultural Institute and Kuzbass Economy and Justice Institute.

الرياضة

The public interest for bandy is widespread in Russia. 26,000 watched the opening game of the 2011–12 Russian Bandy League when local club Kuzbass played against Dynamo Moscow[25] and Kuzbass is among the very best in the Russian Bandy League.[26] The 2007 Bandy World Championship was held in the city.[27] Female bandy only exists in a few places in Russia. Now Kemerovo is about to start it up.[28][29] Moscow already had two multi-use indoor arenas where bandy can be played. Kemerovo got the first one in Russia specifically built for bandy[30] (today also Khabarovsk and Ulyanovsk have it).[31] Kuzbass plays the matches in the league at Khimik Stadium because of the big public interest. That arena has a capacity of 32000.[32] As it also is equipped with artificial ice, Kemerovo has the best infrastructure for developing bandy in Russia.[33]

Since 2013 there has been a "bandy on boots" tournament for national diasporas living in Kuzbass.[34]

المناخ

Kemerovo's position gives it a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) with average temperatures varying from −17 °C (1 °F) in January to 19 °C (66 °F) in July and relatively low precipitation of around 500 mm (20 in) annually.

بيانات مناخ كمروڤو (1991–2020, extremes 1955–الحاضر)
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) 6.0
(42.8) 		6.8
(44.2) 		14.6
(58.3) 		30.2
(86.4) 		34.4
(93.9) 		35.1
(95.2) 		38.0
(100.4) 		36.3
(97.3) 		33.1
(91.6) 		24.5
(76.1) 		13.8
(56.8) 		5.8
(42.4) 		38٫0
(100٫4)
العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) -12.7
(9.1) 		-8.7
(16.3) 		-0.4
(31.3) 		9.6
(49.3) 		18.6
(65.5) 		23.9
(75) 		25.7
(78.3) 		23.1
(73.6) 		15.9
(60.6) 		7.6
(45.7) 		-3.5
(25.7) 		-10.1
(13.8) 		7٫4
(45٫3)
المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) -17.3
(0.9) 		-14.5
(5.9) 		-6.4
(20.5) 		3.3
(37.9) 		11.2
(52.2) 		17.1
(62.8) 		19.3
(66.7) 		16.4
(61.5) 		9.7
(49.5) 		2.6
(36.7) 		-7.3
(18.9) 		-14.4
(6.1) 		1٫6
(34٫9)
الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) -21.7
(-7.1) 		-19.4
(-2.9) 		-11.6
(11.1) 		-2.0
(28.4) 		4.6
(40.3) 		10.7
(51.3) 		13.4
(56.1) 		10.9
(51.6) 		4.8
(40.6) 		-1.2
(29.8) 		-10.8
(12.6) 		-18.7
(-1.7) 		−3٫4
(25٫9)
الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) -47.9
(-54.2) 		-47.1
(-52.8) 		-39.9
(-39.8) 		-32.4
(-26.3) 		-12.6
(9.3) 		-5.7
(21.7) 		0.5
(32.9) 		-1.2
(29.8) 		-9.4
(15.1) 		-27.9
(-18.2) 		-39.5
(-39.1) 		-48.4
(-55.1) 		−48٫4
(−55٫1)
هطول mm (inches) 29
(1.14) 		22
(0.87) 		21
(0.83) 		25
(0.98) 		42
(1.65) 		65
(2.56) 		78
(3.07) 		63
(2.48) 		47
(1.85) 		44
(1.73) 		46
(1.81) 		43
(1.69) 		525
(20٫67)
% Humidity 79 78 75 67 58 67 73 76 75 77 80 80 74
Avg. rainy days 0.3 0.3 2 9 15 15 14 15 16 12 4 0 103
Avg. snowy days 22 19 16 10 2 0.1 0 0 1 11 20 24 125
Sunshine hours 60 99 165 207 255 282 299 240 161 96 58 43 1٬965
Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[35]
Source #2: Climatebase (sun 1955–2012)[36]


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رموز المدينة

الدرع

Coat of arms of Kemerovo

The heraldic description of the coat of arms of the city of Kemerovo is the following: in the crossed scarlet and black field, there is a narrow golden belt in the form of two diverging heads of grain ears, behind them there is a golden cogwheel that goes down; there is a silver retort in the middle, its neck tilted to the right.

The figures of the coat of arms of the city of Kemerovo symbolize the historically established main directions of the industrial development of the city:

  • retort - chemical industry;
  • cogwheel - mechanical engineering;
  • ears of corn - the fertility of the land associated with the use of mineral fertilizers produced at the chemical enterprises of the city.

The colors used in the coat of arms symbolize:

  • scarlet (red) - work, courage, energy, and strength;
  • black color - wisdom, as well as the main wealth of the region, the center of which is the city of Kemerovo, - coal;
  • silver (white) - pure thoughts, reliability, and kindness;
  • gold (yellow) - wealth and prosperity.[37]

العلم

Flag of Kemerovo

The flag of the city of Kemerovo is based on the city's coat of arms and repeats its symbolism. It is a rectangular double-sided panel with a width to length ratio of 2:3. It displays figures from the coat of arms of the city of Kemerovo. The colors used are red, black, yellow, and white. [37]

الشعار

Emblem of Kemerovo

The emblem of Kemerovo displays the monument of Mikhailo Volkov, the discoverer of coal in the area. The sculpture of Mikhailo Volkov displayed on the pedestal fragment styled like a rock. Behind the monument, there is a black triangle that symbolizes a spoil tip. The inscription of the city's name ("Кемерово" in Russian) resides on the diagonal from the left bottom side of the triangle. In the black part of the triangle, the year of the foundation of the city is displayed - "1918".[37]

العملات

Silver coin "Centenary of the Foundation of Kemerovo" (2018)

In 2018 Bank of Russia issued into circulation the commemorative silver coin in denomination of 3 rubles "Centenary of the Foundation of Kemerovo" which displays the statue of Mikhailo Volkov.[38]

أشخاص بارزون

البلدات التوأم – المدن الشقيقة

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

كمروڤو متوأمة مع:[39]

Gallery

  • Kemerovo3.jpg
  • Kemerovo4.jpg
  • Kemerovo5.jpg
  • Kemerovo2.jpg
  • Kemerovo6.jpg
  • Kemerovo raduga.jpg
  • Victory Park (Парк Победы) or Zhukov's Park (Парк имени Жукова) in Kemerovo]

    Victory Park (Парк Победы) or Zhukov's Park (Парк имени Жукова) in Kemerovo]

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

الهامش

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Law #215-OZ
  2. ^ According to Article 6 of the Charter of Kemerovo, the symbols of Kemerovo include a flag, a coat of arms, and an emblem, but not an anthem.
  3. ^ أ ب ت ث Charter of Kemerovo, Article 1
  4. ^ أ ب Charter of Kemerovo, Article 10
  5. ^ Official website of Kemerovo. Valery Konstantinovich Yermakov Archived سبتمبر 23, 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Head of the City (in روسية)
  6. ^ أ ب Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  7. ^ أ ب Charter of Kemerovo Oblast, Article 2
  8. ^ أ ب ت ث Law #104-OZ
  9. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in روسية)
  11. ^ Charter of Kemerovo, Article 6
  12. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  13. ^ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года[All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  14. ^ "Descendants of Dutch colonists visit OAO Koks". www.koksgroup.ru. KOKS group. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  15. ^ "Russia fire: Children killed in Kemerovo shopping centre blaze". BBC News (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). 25 March 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
  16. ^ Мурзаев Э. М. Словарь народных географических терминов. М.: 1984 — С. 248
  17. ^ Мурзаев Э. М., Мурзаева В. Э. Словарь местных географических терминов. — М.: Госиздат географической литературы, 1959. — С. 108.
  18. ^ Никонов В. А. Краткий топонимический словарь. — М.: Мысль, 1966. — С. 186.
  19. ^ Городецкая И. Л., Левашов Е. А. Русские названия жителей: Словарь-справочник. — М.: Русские словари, Астрель, АСТ, 2003. — С. 138.
  20. ^ Алабугина Ю. В.с Новый орфографический словарь русского языка с приложением. — М.: АСТ, 2016. — С. 411.
  21. ^ САРДАКОВА, Екатерина (May 25, 2011). "На кемеровских остановках появилось новое расписание общественного транспорта". kem.kp.ru.
  22. ^ "Торжественное мероприятие, посвященное дню работника автомобильного и городского пассажирского транспорта и подведение итогов конкурса на звание «Лучший по профессии» | УЕЗТУ".
  23. ^ "В Кемерове изменилась стоимость проезда по безналичному расчету". April 3, 2019.
  24. ^ "Â êåìåðîâñêèõ òðàìâàÿõ ïîÿâèëñÿ áåñïëàòíûé Wi-Fi". Interfax.ru.
  25. ^ "Google Translate". translate.google.com. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
  26. ^ KuzbassBandyClub (November 29, 2009). "Кузбасс - Боровичи.avi". Archived from the original on 2021-12-11 – via YouTube.
  27. ^ OrangeMaxim (August 1, 2011). "ЧМ по хоккею с мячом. Кемерово 2007. Все голы финала.mpg". Archived from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved March 25, 2018 – via YouTube.
  28. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 29, 2009. Retrieved December 4, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  29. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 10, 2007. Retrieved December 4, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  30. ^ "Информация о стадионе "КЛД стадиона «Химик", Кемерово - Реестр - Федерация хоккея с мячом России". rusbandy.ru.
  31. ^ "Google Translate". translate.google.com. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
  32. ^ "Google Translate". translate.google.com. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
  33. ^ "Google Translate". translate.google.co.uk. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
  34. ^ "Google Translate". translate.google.com. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
  35. ^ "Weather and Climate - Climate of Kemerovo" (in الروسية). Погода и климат. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  36. ^ "Kemerovo, Kemerovo, Russia #29645". Climatebase. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  37. ^ أ ب ت "Администрация города Кемерово". kemerovo.ru.
  38. ^ "Centenary of the Foundation of Kemerovo | Bank of Russia". www.cbr.ru.
  39. ^ "Кемерово". planetatalantov.ru (in الروسية). Planeta Talantov. Retrieved 2020-02-04.


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المصادر

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Kemerovo Oblast

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