الثورة الدبلوماسية
الثورة الدبلوماسية 1756 Diplomatic Revolution كانت انقلاب التحالفات القائمة لزمن طويل في أوروپا بين حرب الخلافة النمساوية وحرب السنوات السبع.[1] Austria went from an ally of Britain to an ally of France, while Prussia became an ally of Britain.[2] The most influential diplomat involved was an Austrian statesman, Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz.[3]
The change was part of the stately quadrille, a constantly shifting pattern of alliances throughout the 18th century, efforts to preserve or upset the توازن القوى الأوروپي.
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الخلفية
معاهدة وستمنستر
الاتفاقية تلتها المعاهدة الأنگلو-پروسية الأكثر مباشرةً في 1758.
معاهدة ڤرساي الأولى
معاهدة ڤرساي الثانية
الأعقاب
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ D.B. Horn, "The Diplomatic Revolution" in J.O. Lindsay, ed., The New Cambridge Modern History vol. 7, The Old Regime: 1713–63 (1957): pp 449–64.
- ^ Jeremy Black, Essay and Reflection: On the 'Old System' and the Diplomatic Revolution' of the Eighteenth Century" International History Review (1990) 12#2 pp. 301–323
- ^ Franz A.J. Szabo, "Prince Kaunitz and the Balance of Power." International History Review 1#3 (1979): 399–408. in JSTOR
للاستزادة
- Black, Jeremy. "Essay and Reflection: On the 'Old System' and the Diplomatic Revolution' of the Eighteenth Century" International History Review (1990) 12#2 pp. 301–323 in JSTOR
- Coffin, Judith G. and Robert C. Stacy, Western Civilizations Volume II (2005), 568–570.
- Cooper, Kirsten. "A Rivalry Ended? France and Austria during the Diplomatic Revolution and Seven Years War, 1756–1758" (PhD. Diss. Emory University, 2012) online.
- Horn, D. B. "The Diplomatic Revolution" in J.O. Lindsay, ed., The New Cambridge Modern History vol. 7, The Old Regime: 1713–63 (1957): pp 449–64; comprehensive brief overview.
- Ingrao, Charles W. The Habsburg Monarchy (Cambridge University Press, 2000), 157–177.
- Schweizer, Karl W. War, Politics, and Diplomacy: The Anglo-Prussian Alliance, 1756–1763 (University Press of Amer, 1991).
- Szabo, Franz A.J. "Prince Kaunitz and the Balance of Power." International History Review 1#3 (1979): 399–408. in JSTOR
معاهدات حرب السنوات السبع (1754/56–1763) | ||
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