كنوت، أيرلندا

Connacht Connacht Connaught
Flag
الإحداثيات: 53.78°N 9.05°W / 53.78; -9.05
State	أيرلندا
Counties	Galway Leitrim Mayo Roscommon Sligo
الحكومة
• Teachtaí Dála	5 Fine Gael TDs 7 Fianna Fáil TDs 4 Independent TDs 1 Sinn Féin TD
• MEPs	1 Sinn Féin MEP 1 Fine Gael MEP 2 Independent MEPs
المساحة
• الإجمالي	17٬788 كم² (6٬867 ميل²)
التعداد  (2011)
• الإجمالي	542٬547
ISO 3166 code	IE-C
Patron Saint: Ciarán of Clonmacnoise a. ^ Connacht is part of the Midlands–North-West constituency; the five Connacht counties contain 32.7% of the population of this constituency.

Connacht /ˈkɒnɔːt/[1] or Connaught (أيرلندية: Connachtcode: ga is deprecated or Cúige Chonnacht) is one of the provinces of Ireland, situated in the west of the country. Up to the 9th century it consisted of several independent major kingdoms (Lúighne, Uí Maine, and Iarthar Connacht).

Between the reigns of Conchobar mac Taidg Mór (died 882) and his descendant, Aedh mac Ruaidri Ó Conchobair (reigned 1228–33), it became a kingdom under the rule of the Uí Briúin Aí dynasty, whose ruling sept adopted the surname Ua Conchobair. At its greatest extent, it incorporated the often independent Kingdom of Breifne, as well as vassalage from the lordships of western Mide and west Leinster. Two of its greatest kings, Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair (1088-1156) and his son Ruaidri Ua Conchobair (c.1115-1198) greatly expanded the kingdom's dominance, so much so that both became Kings of Ireland.

The Kingdom of Connacht collapsed in the 1230s because of civil war within the royal dynasty, which enabled widespread Anglo-Irish settlement under Richard Mór de Burgh, 1st Baron of Connaught, and his successors. The English colony in Connacht shrank from c. 1300-c. 1360, with events such as the 1307 battle of Ahascragh (see Donnchad Muimnech Ó Cellaigh), the 1316 Second Battle of Athenry and the murder in June 1333 of William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster, all leading to Gaelic resurgence and colonial withdrawal to towns such as Ballinrobe, Loughrea, Athenry, and Galway. Well into the 16th century kingdoms such as Uí Maine and Tír Fhíacrach Múaidhe remained beyond English rule, while many Anglo-Irish families such as de Burgh, de Bermingham, de Exeter, de Staunton, became entirely Gaelicised. Only in the late 1500s, during the Tudor conquest of Ireland, was Connacht shired into its present counties.

The province of Connacht has the greatest number of Irish language speakers at between 5–10% (40,000–55,000) of the population. There are Gaeltacht areas in Counties Galway and Mayo.

The province of Connacht has no official function for local government purposes, but it is an officially recognised subdivision of the Irish state. It is listed on ISO-3166-2 as one of the four provinces of Ireland and "IE-C" is attributed to Connacht as its country sub-division code. Along with counties from other provinces, Connacht lies in the Midlands-North-West constituency for elections to the European Parliament.

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 Irish language

للمزيد من المعلومات: Connacht Irish and History of the Irish language

 Economy

The GDP of the province of Connacht is around 15 billion euro.

Area	Population	Counties	City	GDP €	GDP per person €
West Region	380,000	Galway, Mayo & Roscommon	Galway	€13.8 bn	€31,500
Border Region	430,000	Sligo & Leitrim	Sligo	€10.7 bn	€21,100

 الجغرافيا والتقسيمات السياسية

The province is divided into five counties; Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon and Sligo. Connacht is the smallest of the four Irish provinces, with a population of 542,547. Galway is the only official city in the province.

County	Population	Area
County Galway (Contae na Gaillimhe)	250,541	6,149 square kilometres (2,374 sq mi)
County Leitrim (Contae Liatroma)	31,798	1,590 square kilometres (610 sq mi)
County Mayo* (Contae Mhaigh Eo)	130,638	5,586 square kilometres (2,157 sq mi)
County Roscommon* (Contae Ros Comáin)	64,065	2,548 square kilometres (984 sq mi)
County Sligo (Contae Shligigh)	65,393	1,838 square kilometres (710 sq mi)
Grand Total	547,547	17,788 square kilometres (6,868 sq mi)

 الجغرافيا الطبيعية

Glencar Waterfall at Glencar Lough, County Leitrim

The highest point of Connacht is Mweelrea (814 m), in County Mayo. The largest island in Connacht (and Ireland) is Achill. The biggest lake is Lough Corrib.

Much of the west coast (e.g. Connemara and Erris) is ruggedly inhospitable and not conducive for agriculture. It contains the main mountainous areas in Connacht, including the Twelve Bens, Maumturks, Mweelrea, Croagh Patrick, Nephin Beg, Ox Mountains, and Dartry Mountains.

 أكبر مستوطنات (2011)

#	المستوطنة	المقاطعة	التعداد
1	Galway	County Galway	76,778
2	Sligo	County Sligo	19,452
3	Castlebar	County Mayo	10,826
4	Ballina	County Mayo	10,361
5	Tuam	County Galway	8,242
6	Ballinasloe	County Galway	6,659
7	Roscommon	County Roscommon	5,693
8	Westport	County Mayo	5,543
9	Loughrea	County Galway	5,062
10	Oranmore	County Galway	4,799
11	Monksland	County Roscommon	4,500
12	Carrick-on-Shannon	County Leitrim	3,980
13	Claremorris	County Mayo	3,979
14	Athenry	County Galway	3,950

 الاسم

The name Connacht comes from the medieval ruling dynasty, the Connacht, later Connachta, whose name means "descendants of Conn", from the mythical king Conn of the Hundred Battles. Originally Connacht was a singular collective noun, but it came to be used only in the plural Connachta, partly by analogy with plural names of other dynastic territories like Ulaid and Laigin, and partly because the Connachta split into different branches. Before the Connachta dynasty, the province (cúige, "fifth") was known as Cóiced Ol nEchmacht. In Modern Irish, the province is usually called Cúige Chonnacht, "the Province of Connacht", where Chonnacht is plural genitive case with lenition of the C to Ch.

 السياسة

Connacht–Ulster was one of Ireland's four regional constituencies for elections to the European Parliament until it was superseded in 2004 by the constituency of North-West.

 التاريخ

 التاريخ المبكر

Listoghil Complex, Carrowmore, County Sligo, with a small satellite tomb, tomb 52, in the foreground

Early peoples and kingdoms of Ireland, c.800.

One of hundreds of small initials from the Book of Kells, in a script known as "insular majuscule," a variety of uncial script that originated in early medieval Ireland.

 مملكة كـَنوت

Ireland's main kingdoms as of 1014. Clockwise from the north-east they are Ulaid, Airgíalla, Mide, Laigin, Munster, Connaught, Breifne and Aileach. The city-states of Dyflin, Weisforthe, Vedrafjord, Corcach and Luimneach are shown. Missing are kingdoms of Osraighe and Uí Maine.

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 الملوك والملوك الأعالي

Stone carving of Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair from Cong Abbey

 وصلات خارجية

• http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/connacht.htm#mua
• Census 2011 – Galway Gaeltacht stats
• Census 2011 – Mayo Gaeltacht stats
• Gaeltacht Comprehensive Language Study 2007
• Gaelscoil stats