1759
► | قرن 17 | << قرن 18 >> | قرن 19 | ◄
► | عقد 1720 | عقد 1730 | عقد 1740 | << عقد 1750 >> | عقد 1760 | عقد 1770 | عقد 1780 | ◄
► | ► | 1754 | 1755 | 1756 | 1757 | 1758 | << 1759 >> | 1760 | 1761 | 1762 | 1763 | 1764 | ◄ | ◄
تحويل 1-1-1759م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | تحويل 31-12-1759م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1759
| الألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| القرون: | القرن 17 - القرن 18 - القرن 19 |
| العقود: | عقد 1720 عقد 1730 عقد 1740 - عقد 1750 - عقد 1760 عقد 1770 عقد 1780 |
| السنوات: | 1756 1757 1758 - 1759 - 1760 1761 1762 |
| 1759 حسب الموضوع: | |
| الفنون والعلوم | |
| الآثار – العمارة – الفن – الأدب (الشعر) – الموسيقى – العلوم | |
| البلدان | |
| مصر - سوريا | |
| قوائم الزعماء | |
| حكام المستعمرات – زعماء الدول | |
| تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات | |
| تصنيف الأعمال | |
| الأعمال | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1759 MDCCLIX |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 2512 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 1208 ԹՎ ՌՄԸ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 6509 |
| التقويم البهائي | −85 – −84 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 1166 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2709 |
| سنة العهد البريطاني | 32 Geo. 2 – 33 Geo. 2 |
| التقويم البوذي | 2303 |
| التقويم البورمي | 1121 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 7267–7268 |
| التقويم الصيني | 戊寅年 (التراب النمر) 4455 أو 4395 — إلى — 己卯年 (التراب الأرنب) 4456 أو 4396 |
| التقويم القبطي | 1475–1476 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2925 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1751–1752 |
| التقويم العبري | 5519–5520 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1815–1816 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1681–1682 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4860–4861 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11759 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 759–760 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 1137–1138 |
| التقويم الهجري | 1172–1173 |
| التقويم الياباني | Hōreki 9 (宝暦９年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | الگريگوري ناقص 11 يوم |
| التقويم الكوري | 4092 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 153 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前153年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 2302 |
سنة 1759 (MDCCLIX) كانت سنة بسيطة تبدأ يوم الاثنين (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1759 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 759 في الألفية 2، السنة 59 في القرن 18، والسنة 10 والأخيرة في عقد 1750 بين 1583 و 1929 ومع فارق 1759 is 11 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929. In Great Britain, this year was known as the Annus Mirabilis, because of British victories in the Seven Years' War.
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أحداث
يناير-يونيو
- January 6 – George Washington marries Martha Dandridge Custis.
- January 11 – In Philadelphia, the first American life insurance company is incorporated.[1]
- January 13 – Távora affair: The Távora family is executed, following accusations of the attempted regicide of Joseph I of Portugal.
- January 15 – Voltaire's satire Candide is published simultaneously in five countries.
- The British Museum opens at Montagu House in London (after 6 years of development).
- March 4–November 20 – Étienne de Silhouette serves as Controller-General of France.
- April 14 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Bergen: A French army defeats Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick.
- May 1 – Josiah Wedgwood founds the Wedgwood Pottery Company in England.
يوليو-ديسمبر
- July 19 – The Great Stockholm Fire 1759 breaks out at Södermalm in Stockholm, Sweden.
- July 25 – Seven Years' War (French and Indian War): In Canada, British forces capture Fort Niagara from the French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé.
- July 26–27 – Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) – Battle of Ticonderoga: At the southern end of Lake Champlain, French forces withdraw from Fort Carillon, which is taken by the British under General Amherst, and renamed Fort Ticonderoga.
- August 1 – Battle of Minden: Anglo–Hanoverian forces under Ferdinand of Brunswick defeat the French army of the Duc de Broglie, but due to the disobedience of the English cavalry commander Lord George Sackville, the French are able to withdraw unmolested.
- August 10 – Ferdinand VI of Spain dies, and is succeeded by his half–brother Charles III. Charles resigns the thrones of Naples and Sicily to his third son, Ferdinand IV.
- August 12 – Battle of Kunersdorf: Frederick the Great is rebuffed in bloody assaults, on the combined Austro–Russian army of Pyotr Saltykov and Ernst von Laudon. This is one of Frederick's greatest defeats.
- August 18 – Battle of Lagos: The British fleet of Edward Boscawen defeats a French force under Commodore Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran, off the Portuguese coast.
- September 10 – Battle of Pondicherry: An inconclusive naval battle is fought off the coast of India, between the French Admiral d'Aché and the British under George Pocock. The French forces are badly damaged and sail home, never to return.
- September 13 – Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) – Battle of the Plains of Abraham: Quebec falls to British forces, following General Wolfe's victory just outside the city. Both the French Commander (the Marquis de Montcalm) and the British General James Wolfe are fatally wounded.
- 14 سبتمبر – Carrington Bowles publishes A Journey Through Europe, a board game designed by John Jefferys, the earliest board game whose designer's name is known.
الحرب البورمية السيامية: حركة القوات البورمية بالأحمر والسيامية بالأسود.
- 20 سبتمبر - الحرب البورمية السيامية تبدأ وتستمر حتى العام التالي، بين بورما والملك ألاوڠپايا من أسرة كونباوڠ ثم الملك إكاثات من أيوتايا.
- 16 أكتوبر – Smeaton's Tower, John Smeaton’s Eddystone Lighthouse off the coast of South West England, is first illuminated.[2]
- October 30 – Near East earthquakes of 1759: The first event in an earthquake doublet occurs to the north of the Sea of Galilee, with a surface wave magnitude of 6.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII–IX (Severe–Violent). About 2,000 are killed in Safed.
- November 20 – Battle of Quiberon Bay: The British fleet of Sir Edward Hawke defeats a French fleet under Marshal de Conflans, near the coast of Brittany. This is the decisive naval engagement of the Seven Years' War – after this, the French are no longer able to field a significant fleet.
- November 21 – Battle of Maxen: The Austrian army of Marshal von Daun cuts off and forces the surrender of a Prussian force, under Friedrich von Finck.
- November 25 – Near East earthquakes of 1759: The second and stronger event in an earthquake doublet occurs to the east of Beirut, with a surface wave magnitude of 7.4 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), destroying all the villages in the Beqaa Valley.
- December 6 – The Germantown Union School (now called Germantown Academy), America's oldest nonsectarian day school, is founded.
- December 31 – The Guinness Brewery is leased by Arthur Guinness in St. James's Gate, Dublin, Ireland, for the brewing of Guinness.
تاريخ غير معروف
- Adam Smith publishes his Theory of Moral Sentiments, embodying some of his Glasgow lectures.
- The town of Egedesminde (modern Aasiaat) is founded in Greenland.
- English clockmaker John Harrison produces his "No. 1 sea watch" (H4), the first successful marine chronometer.[3]
- Kew Gardens established in England by Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, the mother of George III.[4]
- Churton Town, the Orange County, North Carolina county seat laid out in 1754, is renamed Childsburgh, in honor of North Carolina attorney general Thomas Child. It is later renamed Hillsborough in 1766.
- Fire destroys 250 houses in Stockholm.
- Madame du Coudray publishes Abrégé de l'art des accouchements (The Art of Obstetrics), and the French government authorizes her to carry her instruction "throughout the realm" and promises financial support.
- الامبراطورية الصينية تضرب بقوة قبائل العويرات وتقسم مملكة دزونگاريا.
- Vicento Ferreira de Carvalho، حاكم تيمور البرتغالية، who is heavily besieged by the Cailaco rebellion in his colony , sells the exclave Lifau in the western part of the island to شركة الهند الشرقية الهولندية.
- 11 يناير - في فيلادلفيا، بينسيلفينيا، ظهور أول شركة أمريكية للتأمين على الحياة
- 15 يناير - افتتاح المتحف البريطاني
أحداث مستمرة
مواليد
- 25 يناير - روبرت برنز، شاعر سكوتلندي (توفي 1796)
- January 25 – Robert Burns, Scottish poet (ت. 1796)
- January 29 – Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc, French botanist (ت. 1828)
- February 15 – Friedrich August Wolf, German philologist, archaeologist (ت. 1824)
- February 22 – Claude Lecourbe, French general (ت. 1815)
- April 22 – James Freeman, first clergyman in America to call himself a Unitarian (ت. 1835)
- April 27 – Mary Wollstonecraft, English feminist author (ت. 1797)
- May 15 – Maria Theresia von Paradis, Austrian musician, composer (ت. 1824)
- May 20 – William Thornton, American architect (ت. 1828)
- May 28 – William Pitt the Younger, statesman and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (ت. 1806)
- June 21 – Alexander J. Dallas, American statesman and financier (ت. 1817)
- July 31 – Ignaz Anton von Indermauer, Austrian nobleman and government official (ت. 1796)
- August 24 – William Wilberforce, British abolitionist (ت. 1833)
- September 10 – Lemuel Cook, American Revolutionary War veteran (ت. 1866)
- September 19 – William Kirby, English entomologist (ت. 1850)
- October 25
- October 26 – Georges Danton, French Revolutionary leader (ت. 1794)
- November 5 – Simon Snyder, American politician (ت. 1819)
- November 10 – Friedrich Schiller, German writer (ت. 1805)
- November 27 – Franz Krommer, Czech composer (ت. 1831)
- November 23 – Felipe Enrique Neri, legislator and colonizer of Texas (ت. 1820)
- December 2 – James Edward Smith, English botanist (ت. 1828)
- Date unknown – Maria Petraccini, Italian anatomist, physician (ت. 1791)
- Salomea Deszner, Polish actress, singer and theater director (ت. 1806)
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وفيات
- 10 أغسطس - الملك فرناندو السادس ملك إسبانيا. (ولد 1713 م)
- 29 نوفمبر - نيكولاس برنولي رياضياتي سويسري. (ولد 1687 م)
- January 12 – Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, regent of Friesland (و. 1709)
- March 11 – John Forbes, British general (و. 1707)
- April 6 – Johann Gottfried Zinn, German anatomist, botanist (و. 1727)
- April 14 – George Frideric Handel, German composer (و. 1685)
- May 12 – Lambert-Sigisbert Adam, French sculptor (و. 1700)
- June 20 – Margareta Capsia, Finnish artist (و. 1682)
- July 27 – Pierre Louis Maupertuis, French mathematician (و. 1698)
- August 6 – Eugene Aram, English philologist (و. 1704)
- August 8 – Carl Heinrich Graun, German composer (و. 1704)
- August 10 – King Ferdinand VI of Spain (و. 1713)
- August 24 – Ewald Christian von Kleist, German poet (و. 1715)
- September 10 – Ferdinand Konščak, Croatian explorer (و. 1703)
- September 13 – James Wolfe, British general (و. 1727)
- September 14 – Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, French general (و. 1712)
- October 13 – John Henley, English minister (و. 1692)
- November 14 – Grégoire Orlyk, Ukrainian-born French Lieutenant General (و. 1702)
- November 29 – Nicolaus I Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (و. 1687)
- مجهولة التاريخ
- Alberto Pullicino, Maltese painter (و. 1719)
- King Thipchang of the Realm of Lampang (و. c. 1675)
== المراجع ==
- ^ Newman, Frank G. (January 1965). "The Acquisition of a Life Insurance Company". The Business Lawyer. American Bar Association. 20 (2): 411–416. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
The first life insurance company in America was organized in 1759 under the corporate title 'The Corporation for Relief of Poor and Distressed Presbyterian Ministers, and of the Poor and Distressed Widows and Children of Presbyterian Ministers'.
- ^ "Eddystone Lighthouse". Trinity House. Archived from the original on September 9, 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-06.
- ^ Royal Observatory Greenwich souvenir guide. 2012. pp. 34–35. ISBN 978-1-906367-51-0.
the first precision watch and considered by many today as the most important timekeeper ever.
- ^ "Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". World Heritage. UNESCO. Archived from the original on August 17, 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-04.