1755
► | قرن 17 | << قرن 18 >> | قرن 19 | ◄
► | عقد 1720 | عقد 1730 | عقد 1740 | << عقد 1750 >> | عقد 1760 | عقد 1770 | عقد 1780 | ◄
► | ► | 1750 | 1751 | 1752 | 1753 | 1754 | << 1755 >> | 1756 | 1757 | 1758 | 1759 | 1760 | ◄ | ◄
تحويل 1-1-1755م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | تحويل 31-12-1755م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1755
| الألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| القرون: | القرن 17 - القرن 18 - القرن 19 |
| العقود: | عقد 1720 عقد 1730 عقد 1740 - عقد 1750 - عقد 1760 عقد 1770 عقد 1780 |
| السنوات: | 1752 1753 1754 - 1755 - 1756 1757 1758 |
| 1755 حسب الموضوع: | |
| الفنون والعلوم | |
| الآثار – العمارة – الفن – الأدب (الشعر) – الموسيقى – العلوم | |
| البلدان | |
| مصر - سوريا | |
| قوائم الزعماء | |
| حكام المستعمرات – زعماء الدول | |
| تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات | |
| تصنيف الأعمال | |
| الأعمال | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1755 MDCCLV |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 2508 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 1204 ԹՎ ՌՄԴ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 6505 |
| التقويم البهائي | −89 – −88 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 1162 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2705 |
| سنة العهد البريطاني | 28 Geo. 2 – 29 Geo. 2 |
| التقويم البوذي | 2299 |
| التقويم البورمي | 1117 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 7263–7264 |
| التقويم الصيني | 甲戌年 (الخشب الكلب) 4451 أو 4391 — إلى — 乙亥年 (الخشب الخنزير) 4452 أو 4392 |
| التقويم القبطي | 1471–1472 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2921 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1747–1748 |
| التقويم العبري | 5515–5516 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1811–1812 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1677–1678 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4856–4857 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11755 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 755–756 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 1133–1134 |
| التقويم الهجري | 1168–1169 |
| التقويم الياباني | Hōreki 5 (宝暦５年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | الگريگوري ناقص 11 يوم |
| التقويم الكوري | 4088 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 157 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前157年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 2298 |
سنة 1755 (MDCCLV) كانت سنة بسيطة تبدأ يوم الأربعاء (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1755 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 755 في الألفية 2، السنة 55 في القرن 18، والسنة 6 في عقد 1750 بين 1583 و 1929 ومع فارق 1755 is 11 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.
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أحداث
يناير-مارس
- January 23 (O. S. January 12, Tatiana Day, nowadays celebrated on January 25) – جامعة موسكو تتأسس.
- 13 فبراير - سلطنة مطرم في جاوة تنقسم إلى سلطنتين يوگياكرتا وسوراكرتا، وذلك بسبب التدخل الهولندي في الإمارة.
- March 12 – A steam engine is used in the American colonies for the first time as New Jersey copper mine owner Arent Schuyler installs a Newcomen atmospheric engine to pump water out of a mineshaft.[1]
- March 22 – Britain's House of Commons votes in favor of £1,000,000 of appropriations to expand the British Army and Royal Navy operations in North America.[2]
- March 26 – General Edward Braddock and 1,600 British sailors and soldiers arrive at Alexandria, Virginia on transport ships that have sailed up the Potomac River. Braddock, sent to take command of the British forces against the French in North America, commandeers taverns and private homes to feed and house the troops.[3]
أبريل-يونيو
- April 2 – A naval fleet, led by Commodore William James of the East India Company, captures Tulaji Angre's fortress Suvarnadurg from the Marathas.
- April 15 – A Dictionary of the English Language is published by Samuel Johnson (he had begun the work nine years earlier, in 1746).
- May 3 – France dispatches 3,600 troops to protect its Canadian colonies in Quebec from a British invasion, dispatching 2,400 to Quebec city and 1,200 to Louisbourg in Nova Scotia, unaware that a squadron of 11 fully armed warships from Britain's Royal Navy had sailed toward Canada on April 27.[4]
- May 17 – Spanish missionary Tomas Sanchez and three families establish a settlement on the north side of the Rio Grande in New Spain. Sanchez names it Villa de Laredo. The new settlement is the northernmost part of the colony of Nuevo Santander, founded by José de Escandón, 1st Count of Sierra Gorda, which now comprises parts of the Mexican state of Tamaulipas and the U.S. state of Texas. The portion of Villa de Laredo north of the river later becomes Laredo, Texas; the remaining portion south of the river is later renamed Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas.[5]
- May 19 – General Braddock hosts Iroquois leaders Scaroyady, Kaghswaghtaniunt, and Silver Heels at Fort Cumberland, the British Army base in the colony of Maryland. The three chiefs pledge their alliance with the British in advance of Braddock's expedition into the Ohio Country.[6]
- May 22 – The Province of Massachusetts Bay sends 2,000 troops to supplement other British Army and colonial forces in Acadia; the troops anchor at Chignecto Bay on June 1.[7]
- May 24 – France completes the construction of Fort Duquesne, its new base to the west of the British colony of Pennsylvania. The British capture the fort during the French and Indian War and rename it Fort Pitt. The site, at the junction of the Allegheny River and the Monongahela River, is now Pittsburgh.[8]
- May 30 – General Braddock's troops begin a difficult trek across the heavily wooded Allegheny Mountains from western Maryland into the Ohio country.[9]
- June 5 – Scottish chemist Joseph Black describes his discovery of carbon dioxide (fixed air) and magnesium, in a paper to the Medical Society of Edinburgh. The paper is published in 1756 with the title Experiments upon Magnesia alba, Quicklime, and some other alkaline Substances.[10]
- At the entrance of the Saint Lawrence River, a squadron of Royal Navy ships, under the command of British Admiral Edward Boscawen, intercepts the nine French ships dispatched to save Canada; seven of the nine ships are concealed by fog and are able to reach their destination; another of the transports escapes.[4]
- June 16 – After a two-week siege, the French commander of Fort Beauséjour in North America surrenders to the British, marking the end of "Father Le Loutre's War".
- June 23 – Most of the French troops dispatched to Canada arrive at Quebec, along with the new Governor General of New France, Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial.[4]
- June 27 – Iyoas I becomes the new Emperor of Ethiopia upon the death of his father, Iyasu II
يوليو-سبتمبر
- 9 يوليو - الحرب الفرنسية والهندية - تجريدة برادوك: القوات البريطانية و colonial militiamen are ambushed, and suffer a devastating defeat inflicted by French and Indian forces. During the battle, British General Edward Braddock is mortally wounded. Colonel George Washington survives.[11]
- 17 يوليو – In a convoy of ships from Great Britain, returning to India for the East India Company, the lead ship Dodington wrecks at Port Elizabeth, losing 247 of its 270 passengers and crew, and a chest of gold coins from Robert Clive, worth £33,000. In 1998, 1,400 coins are offered for sale, and in 2002 a portion is given to the South African government.[12]
- July 25 – The decision to deport the Acadians is made, during meetings of the Nova Scotia Council meeting in Halifax. From September 1755-June 1763, the vast majority of Acadians are deported to one of the following British Colonies in America: Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Contrary to popular belief, no Acadians are sent to Louisiana. Those sent to Virginia are refused and then sent on to Liverpool, Bristol, Southampton and Penryn in England. In 1758 the Fortress of Louisbourg falls, and all of the civilian population of Isle Royal (Cape Breton Island) and Isle St. Jean (Prince Edward Island) are repatriated to France. Among them were several thousand Acadians, who had escaped the deportation by fleeing into those areas. Very few Acadians successfully escape the deportation, and do so only by fleeing into some of the northern sections of present day New Brunswick. The event inspires Longfellow to write the epic poem Evangeline.
- August 10 – The Expulsion of the Acadians begins, with the Bay of Fundy Campaign.
- September 2 – A powerful hurricane strikes the east coast of the British colony of North Carolina, killing 150 people and sinking five British and colonial merchant ships at Portsmouth Island.[13]
- September 6 – The Russian Academy of Sciences awards its prize for "the best explanation of the true causes of electricity including their theory" to Switzerland's Johann Euler for his paper Disquisitio de causa physica electricitatis.[14]
- September 8 – The one-day Battle of Lake George is fought. French Army troops led by Jean Erdman, Baron Dieskau, and Canadian colonists led by Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre drive south into Britain's New York province.[15] They are met by British Army troops under General William Johnson being supplemented by 200 Mohawk troops led by the Mohawk war chief, Theyanoguin. After Theyanouguin and other Mohawks are killed in the battle, the clan matrons of the Mohawk nation forbid the men from participating in the war against the French until a French defeat seems certain.[16]
- September 16 – Sir Charles Hanbury-Williams, the new British Minister to Russia, secures an alliance signed by Empress Catherine the Great. The Russian Empire agrees to provide up to 55,000 troops to defend the Electorate of Hanover against invasion by Prussia. At the time, King George II of Great Britain is also the ruler of the German duchy; the Russian troops are provided in return for an annual payment of £600,000.[17]
- September 18 – Two slaves, Mark and Phyllis, are publicly executed for the poisoning murder of their master, John Codman in front of a large crowd outside the Middlesex County Courthouse in Cambridge, Massachusetts.[18] Phyllis is burned to death. Mark's execution by hanging is made as an example to other African slaves in the Province of Massachusetts Bay. His body is transported to Charlestown Common in what is now Somerville and displayed on a gibbet for more than 20 years. In 1798, Paul Revere mentions in his memoir that his famous ride of April 18, 1775, started when he first spotted British Army officers at a site "nearly opposite where Mark was hung in chains", I saw two men on Horse back, under a Tree".[19]
أكتوبر-ديسمبر
- October 11 – In west Africa, officials of the Dutch West India Company sign a peace agreement with officials of the Ashanti Empire at Elmina p108. In return for an annual tribute in gold, the Ashanti maintain peaceful relations in the Europeans in the Dutch Gold Coast colony and the Dutch maintain their settlement at Fort Coenraadsburg. The area is now part of the Central Region of Ghana.[20]
- October 12 – Having completed the Expulsion of the Acadians from St. John's Island (now Prince Edward Island), the British colonial Governor of Nova Scotia, Charles Lawrence, issues a proclamation that his office will receive proposals from English settlers "for the peopling and cultivating as well of the lands vacated by the French, as every other part of this valuable province." [21]
- October 16 – The Penn's Creek massacre is carried out by against white settlers who have moved into the Susquehanna Valley in the Pennsylvania colony, in territory also claimed by the Delaware Indians. The Delawares attack the Penn's Creek village, located near what is now Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, and kill 25 of the 26 men, women and children living there.[22]
- October 17 – The Mount Katla volcano erupts in Iceland, and continues ejecting ash for the next 120 days, finally ceasing on February 13. An estimated 1.5 cubic kilometers (1.5 billion cubic meters or 53 billion cubic feet) of tephra is discharged by the volcano.[23]
- 25 أكتوبر - Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha becomes the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, the fifth person to serve as the Empire's Vizier in 1755.
- November 1 – More than 40,000 people are killed by the 8.5 magnitude 1755 Lisbon earthquake. The tremor begins at 9:40 in the morning local time off of the Atlantic coast of Portugal and sends a tsunami that strikes the coasts of Portugal, Spain and Morocco.
- November 18 – Corsican Constitution adopted by Corsican representatives at the "Consulta generale di Corte"
- November 18 – An earthquake occurs in the vicinity of Cape Ann, Massachusetts, causing extensive damage.
- November 25 – King Ferdinand VI of Spain grants the Religious of the Virgin Mary in the Philippines royal protection.
- December 2 – The second Eddystone Lighthouse off the coast of England is destroyed by fire.
- December 17 – Anton, Patriarch of the Georgian Orthodox Church, is dismissed by his opponents on the Ecclesiastical Council, and briefly imprisoned for 18 months before being allowed to move to Russia; in 1764, Anton is again made the Georgian Orthodox Church's leader.
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مجهولة التاريخ
- علي بك الكبير يُعين باي على مصر، ثم شيخ البلد في 1760. وقد شق عصا الطاعة للباب العالي (1769)، ثم أخضع صعيد مصر وبلاد الشام ومكة (توفي في 1772).
- Biton Coulibaly's death was followed by a period of anarchy during the reign of his son Denkoro , who became king of Ségou (ended in 1757 ).
- Smallpox epidemic in South Africa.
- Wolsey, the clothes manufacturer, is established in Leicester, England; the business celebrates its 250th anniversary in 2005.
- Construction of the Puning Temple complex in Chengde, China is completed, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.
- Construction of St Ninian's Church, Tynet, Scotland, the country's oldest surviving post-Reformation Roman Catholic clandestine church, is completed.[24]
- The brine shrimp Artemia salina is first described, in Linnaeus' Systema Naturæ.
مواليد
- January 11 – Alexander Hamilton, first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (most cited date of birth) (ت. 1804)
- January 25 – Paolo Mascagni, Italian anatomist (ت. 1815)
- January 28 – Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring, German physician, anatomist (ت. 1830)
- February 5 – Caroline Müller, Danish operatic mezzo-soprano, actress and dancer (ت. 1826)
- February 11 – Albert Christoph Dies, German composer (ت. 1822)
- February 21 – Anne Grant, Scottish poet (ت. 1838)
- March 24 – Rufus King, American lawyer, politician, and diplomat (ت. 1827)
- April 3 – Simon Kenton, American frontiersman, Revolutionary Militia General (ت. 1836)
- April 10 – Samuel Hahnemann, German founder of homeopathy (ت. 1843)
- April 11 – James Parkinson, English surgeon, apothecary, geologist, palaeontologist, and political activist (ت. 1824)
- April 16 – Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, French painter (ت. 1842)
- May 21 – Alfred Moore, American judge and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (ت. 1810)
- June 6 – Nathan Hale, American Revolutionary War captain, writer and patriot (ت. 1776)
- June 15 – Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy, French chemist (ت. 1809)
- June 30 – Paul Barras, French politician (ت. 1829)
- September 9 – Benjamin Bourne, American politician (ت. 1808)
- September 13 – Oliver Evans, American inventor, engineer and businessman (ت. 1819)
- September 24 – John Marshall, American jurist, Chief Justice of the United States (ت. 1835)
- October 2 – Hannah Adams, American author (ت. 1831)
- November 1 – Henriette von Crayen, German salonniére (ت. 1832)
- November 2 – Marie-Antoinette, Queen Consort of France (ت. 1793)[25]
- November 12 – Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Prussian general (ت. 1813)
- November 17
- Louis XVIII of France, brother of King Louis XVI (ت. 1824)
- Charles Manners-Sutton, Archbishop of Canterbury (ت. 1828)
- December 3 – Gilbert Stuart, American painter from Rhode Island (ت. 1828)
- Date unknown – Maria Elizabetha Jacson, British botanist (ت. 1829)
- Yelena Shidyanskaya, Russian commander (ت. 1849)
وفيات
Saint Gerard Majella
- February 10 – Montesquieu, French writer (و. 1689)
- February 11 – Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei, Italian archaeologist (و. 1675)
- March 2 – Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French writer (و. 1675)
- March 7 – Thomas Wilson, Bishop of Sodor and Man (و. 1663)
- March 10 – Johann David Köhler, German historian (و. 1684)
- April 6 – Richard Rawlinson, English minister, antiquarian (و. 1690)
- April 30 – Jean-Baptiste Oudry, French painter (و. 1686)
- June 26 – Iyasu II, Emperor of Ethiopia (و. c. 1723)
- July 9 – Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu, Canadian officer during the Seven Years' War (و. 1711)
- July 13 – Edward Braddock, British general (و. c. 1695)
- July 14 – Jacques-Nompar III de Caumont, duc de La Force, French nobleman (و. 1714)
- August 13 – Francesco Durante, Italian composer (و. 1684)
- September 2 – Princess Marie Zéphyrine of France, sister of Louis XVI (و. 1750)
- September 8
- Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, Canadian military commander (و. 1701)
- Hendrick Theyanoguin, Mohawk Council leader killed in the Battle of Lake George.
- Ephraim Williams, American philanthropist (و. 1715)
- September 9 – Johann Lorenz von Mosheim, German historian (و. 1694)
- September 13 – Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye, French-Canadian explorer (و. 1714)
- October 4 – Georg Christian, Fürst von Lobkowitz, Austrian field marshal (و. 1686)
- October 16 – Gerard Majella, Italian Roman Catholic lay brother and saint (و. 1725)
- October 22 – Elisha Williams, American rector of Yale College (و. 1694)
- October 28 – Joseph Bodin de Boismortier, French composer (و. 1689)
- November 25 – Johann Georg Pisendel, German musician (و. 1687)
- December 1 – Maurice Greene, English composer (و. 1696)
- December 5 – William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire (و. 1698)
- approximate date
- Queen Nanny of the Maroons, Jamaican national heroine (و. 1686)
- Cai Wan, politically influential Chinese poet (و. 1695)
References
- ^ Paul R. Wonning, Colonial American History Stories, 1753–1763: Forgotten and Famous Historical Events (Mossy Feet Books, 2017)
- ^ Rodney Bruce Hall, National Collective Identity: Social Constructs and International Systems (Columbia University Press, 1999) p116
- ^ Philip Smucker, Riding with George: Sportsmanship & Chivalry in the Making of America's First President (Chicago Review Press, 2017)
- ^ أ ب ت Jonathan R. Dull, The Miracle of American Independence: Twenty Ways Things Could Have Turned Out Differently (University of Nebraska Press, 2015) p22
- ^ Federal Writers' Project, The WPA Guide to Texas: The Lone Star State (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1934, reprinted by Trinity University Press, 2013)
- ^ David L. Preston, Braddock's Defeat: The Battle of the Monongahela and the Road to Revolution (Oxford University Press, 2015) p112
- ^ Frank Basil Tracy, The Tercentenary History of Canada: From Champlain to Laurier, MDCVIII-MCMVIII, Volume II (P. F. Collier & Son, 1908) p387
- ^ Stuart P. Boehmig, Images of America: Downtown Pittsburgh (Arcadia Publishing, 2007) p13
- ^ Phillip Papas, Renegade Revolutionary: The Life of General Charles Lee (New York University Press, 2014) p30
- ^ "Black (Joseph)", in Bibliotheca Osleriana: A Catalogue of Books Illustrating the History of Medicine and Science by Sir William Osler (McGill-Queen's University Press, 1969) p116
- ^ "The Battle of the Monongahela". World Digital Library. 1755. Retrieved 2013-08-03.
- ^ "Sailing Ship Dodington (history)". Dodington Family. 2002. Archived from the original on 2005-01-14. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
- ^ "North Carolina", in Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones, by David Longshore (Infobase Publishing, 2010) p330
- ^ "Hallerstein and Gruber's Scientific Heritage", by Stanislav Joze Juznic, in The Circulation of Science and Technology: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the European Society for the History of Science (Societat Catalana d'Història de la Ciència i de la Tècnica, 2012) p358
- ^ David R. Starbuck, The Legacy of Fort William Henry: Resurrecting the Past (University Press of New England, 2014)
- ^ Alfred A. Cave, The French and Indian War (Greenwood, 2004) p115
- ^ Ian Grey, Catherine the Great (New Word City, 2016)
- ^ "Periphery as Center: Slavery, Identity, and the Commercial Press in the British Atlantic, 1704-1755", by Robert E. Desrochers, Jr., in British North America in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, ed. by Stephen Foster (Oxford University Press, 2016)
- ^ Dee Morris and Dora St. Martin, Somerville, Massachusetts: A Brief History (Arcadia Publishing, 2008)
- ^ Harvey M. Feinberg, Africans and Europeans in West Africa: Elminans and Dutchmen on the Gold Coast During the Eighteenth Century (American Philosophical Society, 1989) p108
- ^ Naomi Griffiths, Mason Wade, Acadia and Quebec (McGill-Queen's University Press, 1991) p110
- ^ Kevin Kenny, Peaceable Kingdom Lost: The Paxton Boys and the Destruction of William Penn's Holy Experiment (Oxford University Press, 2011) p71
- ^ Helgi Björnsson, The Glaciers of Iceland: A Historical, Cultural and Scientific Overview (Springer, 2016) pp244-245
- ^ "Tynet, St Ninian's Church". ScotlandsPlaces. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
- ^ "Marie-Antoinette | Facts, Biography, & French Revolution". Encyclopedia Britannica (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 22 March 2020.