مؤتمر مناستر
مؤتمر مناستر (بالألبانية: Kongresi i Manastirit؛ بالإنگليزية: Congress of Manastir) كان مؤتمراً أكاديمياً انعقد في مدينة مناستر (بيتولا) من 14 نوفمبر إلى 22 نوفمبر 1908، بهدف وضع معايير الأبجدية الألبانية. يوم 22 نوفمبر هو الآن يوماً تذكارياً في ألبانيا وكوسوڤو و جمهورية مقدونيا وكذلك بين الشتات الألباني، ويُعرف بإسم يوم الأبجدية (بالألبانية: Dita e Alfabetit).[1][2] وقبل المؤتمر، كانت اللغة الألبانية تُمثـَّل بتوافيق من ست أو أكثر[3] من الأبجديات المختلفة، بالإضافة إلى عدد من التنويعات الفرعية.[4]
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المشاركون
The congress was held by the Union Association (Albanian language: Bashkimi) literary society at the house of Fehim Zavalani, which served as the place of the Union. The participants in the congress were prominent figures of the cultural and political life from Albanian-inhabited territories in the Balkans, as well as throughout the Albanian diaspora. There were fifty delegates, representing twenty-three Albanian-inhabited cities, towns, and cultural and patriotic associations of whom thirty-two had voting rights in the congress, and eighteen were observers. Among prominent delegates were Gjergj Fishta, Ndre Mjeda, Mit'hat Frashëri, Sotir Peçi, Shahin Kolonja, and Gjergj D. Qiriazi. Zavalani, held the introductory speech led the congress. Other delegates of the congress from the family included Izet Zavalani, delegate of Florina and Gjergj Zavalani.[4]
المقررات
انظر أيضاً
الهامش
- ^ (in Albanian)Në Maqedoni festohet Dita e Alfabetit, portalb.mk, 2012-11-22, http://www.portalb.mk/CategoryContent/RenderSingleContent/3-Lajme/11991-Ne-Maqedoni-festohet-Dita-e-Alfabetit, retrieved on 2013-09-24
- ^ The message of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo, Hashim Thaci on the event if the 103rd anniversary of the session of the Congress of Manastir on November 14, 1908, Kosovo Prime Minister's Office, November 2011, http://www.kryeministri-ks.net/?page=2,9,2475, retrieved on 2013-09-24
- ^ "Perse u zgjodhen dy alfabete" [Why two alphabets were chosen]. Materiale e Dokumente. Studime Filologjike (in Albanian). No. 4. Tirana: Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH, Instituti i Gjuhesise dhe i Letersise. 1988. pp. 149–159. ISSN 0563-5780
Partial publication of the memo of Gjergj Qiriazi to the Austro-Hungarian consulate in Manastir, dated 25.05.1909, 20 pagesCS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ أ ب Frances Trix (1997), Alphabet conflict in the Balkans: Albanian and the Congress of Monastir, 128, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, pp. 1–24, ISSN 0165-2516, http://www.degruyter.com/dg/viewarticle/j$002fijsl.1997.issue-128$002fijsl.1997.128.1$002fijsl.1997.128.1.xml;jsessionid=931AE8D59924EAA5246CD1229A36584C
المصادر
- Duijzings, Gerlachlus (2002). "Religion and the politics of 'Albanianism': Naim Frasheri's Bektashi writings". In Schwanders-Sievers, Stephanie; Fischer, Bernd J. (eds.). Albanian Identities: Myth and History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 60–69. ISBN 9780253341891.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Gawrych, George (2006). The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913. London: IB Tauris. ISBN 9781845112875.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Lloshi, Xhevat (2008). Rreth Alfabetit te Shqipes [About the Albanian Alphabet]. Logos.
- Nezir-Akmese, Handan (2005). The Birth of Modern Turkey: The Ottoman Military and the March to WWI. London: IB Tauris. ISBN 9781850437970.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Osmani, Tomor (1999). "Historia e alfabetit" [History of the Alphabet]. Udha e shkronjave shqipe [The Pathway of the Albanian Letters] (in Albanian). pp. 461–496.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Poulton, Hugh (1995). Who are the Macedonians?. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9781850652380.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Saunders, Robert A. (2011). Ethnopolitics in Cyberspace: The Internet, Minority Nationalism, and the Web of Identity. Lanham: Lexington Books. ISBN 9780739141946.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Shaw, Stanford J.; Shaw, Ezel Kural (1977). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 2, Reform, Revolution, and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey 1808-1975. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521291668.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Skendi, Stavro (1967). The Albanian national awakening. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400847761.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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