أناهايم، كاليفورنيا

(تم التحويل من Anaheim, California)
أناهايم، كاليفورنيا
مدينة مشهرة بميثاق[1]
مدينة أناهايم
Sleeping Beauty Castle (28926761750).jpg
Angels Stadium.JPG
New Anaheim Amtrak Station Inside.JPG
Anaheim Convention Center Front view 2013.jpg
Honda-ext4.jpg
موقع أناهايم في مقاطعة أورانج، كاليفورنيا.
موقع أناهايم في مقاطعة أورانج، كاليفورنيا.
أناهايم، كاليفورنيا is located in الولايات المتحدة
أناهايم، كاليفورنيا
أناهايم، كاليفورنيا
الموقع في الولايات المتحدة
الإحداثيات: 33°50′10″N 117°53′23″W / 33.83611°N 117.88972°W / 33.83611; -117.88972Coordinates: 33°50′10″N 117°53′23″W / 33.83611°N 117.88972°W / 33.83611; -117.88972
البلد الولايات المتحدة
الولايةقالب:المقاطعة
County أورانج
IncorporatedMarch 18, 1876[2]
السمِيْ"Ana", after the Santa Ana River, and "heim", the German word for "home".
الحكومة
 • العمدةتوم تايت[3]
 • مجلس النواب الأمريكي[7]Ed Royce (ج),[4]
Mimi Walters (ج),[5] and
Loretta Sanchez (د)[6]
 •  أعضاء مجلس شيوخ الولاية[8]Bob Huff (ج),
Janet Nguyen (ج), and
(شاغر)
 •  أعضاء الجمعية[9]Young Kim (ج),
Don Wagner (ج), and
Tom Daly (د)
المساحة
[10]
 • الإجمالي50٫92 ميل² (131٫90 كم²)
 • البر49٫98 ميل² (129٫44 كم²)
 • الماء0٫95 ميل² (2٫46 كم²)  1.92%
المنسوب
[11]
157 ft (48 m)
التعداد
 (2010)[12]
 • الإجمالي336٬265
 • Estimate 
(2016)[13]
351٬043
 • الترتيب1st in Orange County
10th in California
56th in the United States
 • الكثافة7٬024٫23/sq mi (2٬712٫05/km2)
منطقة التوقيتUTC−8 (Pacific)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP codes[14]
92801–92809, 92812, 92814–92817, 92825, 92850, 92899
Area codes657/714
FIPS code06-02000
GNIS feature IDs1652663, 2409704
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.anaheim.net

أناهايم هي مدينة في مقاطعة أورانج، كاليفورنيا تقع على بعد 28 ميل جنوب شرق مدينة لوس أنجلوس. يوجد بها جالية عربية كبيرة. وتعد جزء من المنطقة الحضرية في لوس أنجلوس. وبحسب إحصاء الولايات المتحدة لعام 2010، فقد كان عدد سكان المدينة 336265 نسمة، مما جعلها المدينة الأكثر اكتظاظاً في مقاطعة أورانج وفي المركز العاشر من حيث عدد السكان في كاليفورنيا.[15] وتعد أناهايم ثاني أكبر مدينة في مقاطعة أورانج من حيث مساحة (بعد مدينة إرڤاين) وتشتهر بـ حدائق الملاهي، مركز مؤتمرات أناهايم، وفريقيها الرياضيين الرئيسيين: نادي هوكي الجليد أناهايم داكس وفريق البيسبول أنجل. تأسست أناهايم على يد خمسين عائلة ألمانية في عام 1857 و مدمجة باعتبارها المدينة الثانية في مقاطعة لوس أنجلوس في 18 مارس 1876 ؛[2] وفي وقت لاحق فُصلت مقاطعة أورانج عن مقاطعة لوس أنجلوس في عام 1889. ظلت أناهايم مجتمعاً ريفياً إلى حد كبير حتى افتتحت ديزني لاند في المدينة في عام 1955. أدى ذلك إلى بناء العديد من الفنادق والموتيلات في جميع أنحاء المنطقة، وسرعان ما تبع ذلك الأحياء السكنية في أناهايم. كما تطورت المدينة إلى مركز صناعي ينتج الإلكترونيات وأجزاء الطائرات والفواكه المعلبة. وتمتد حدود مدينة أناهايم من سايپرس في الغرب إلى خط مقاطعة ريڤرسايد، كاليفورنيا في الشرق وتشمل مجموعة متنوعة من الأحياء والمجتمعات. تلال أناهايم هو مجتمع مخطط رئيسي يقع في الامتدادات الشرقية للمدينة وهو مسكن لكثير من أثرياء المدينة.[بحاجة لمصدر]ووسط مدينة أناهايم بها ثلاث مناطق تاريخية متعددة الاستخدامات، وأكبرها هي مستعمرة أناهايم. أما منتجع أناهايم، فهو منطقة تجارية تشمل ديزني لاند، مغامرات ديزني بكاليفورنيا والعديد من الفنادق ومجمعات البيع بالتجزئة. مثلث البلاتين هو منطقة إعادة تطوير حضرية جديدة تحيط بملعب أنجل، من المخطط أن تكون مأهولة بشوارع متعددة الاستخدامات ومباني شاهقة. وادي أناهايم هي منطقة صناعية شمال طريق ولاية كاليفورنيا 91 وشرق طريق ولاية كاليفورنيا 57.

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أصل الاسم

Anaheim's name is a blend of Ana, after the nearby Santa Ana River, and German -heim meaning "home", which is also a common Germanic place name compound (compare Trondheim in Norway and many place names in Germany).[16]


التاريخ

انظر أيضاً: Timeline of Anaheim, California

Tongva era

Tongva people are indigenous to Anaheim's region of Southern California. Evidence suggests their presence since 3500 BCE. The Tongva village at Anaheim was called Hutuukuga.[17] The village has been noted as one of the largest Tongva villages throughout Tovaangar.[18][19] Native plants like oak trees and sage bushes were an important food source, as well as rabbit and mule deer for meat. The village had deep trade connections with coastal villages and those further inland.[18]

Spanish and Mexican era

The area that makes up modern-day Anaheim, along with Placentia and Fullerton, were part of the Rancho San Juan Cajón de Santa Ana, a Mexican-era rancho grant, given to Juan Pacífico Ontiveros in 1837 by Juan Bautista Alvarado, then Governor of Alta California. Following the American Conquest of California, the rancho was patented to Ontiveros by Public Land Commission. In 1857, Ontiveros sold 1,160 acres (out of his more than 35,000 acre estate) to 50 German-American families for the founding of Anaheim.

Founding

Anaheim in 1890

The city of Anaheim was founded in 1857 by 50 German-Americans who were residents of San Francisco[20] and whose families had originated in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Franconia in Bavaria.[21][22] After traveling through the state looking for a suitable area to grow grapes, the group decided to purchase a 1,165 acres (4.71 km2) parcel from Juan Pacífico Ontiveros' large Rancho San Juan Cajón de Santa Ana in present-day Orange County for $2 per acre.[20]

For $750 a share, the group formed the Anaheim Vineyard Company headed by George Hansen.[20] Their new community was named Annaheim, meaning "home by the Santa Ana River" in German.[20] The name later was altered to Anaheim. To the Spanish-speaking neighbors, the settlement was known as Campo Alemán (إنگليزية: German Field).

Although grape and wine-making was their primary objective, the majority of the 50 settlers were mechanics, carpenters and craftsmen with no experience in wine-making.[20] The community set aside 40 acres (16 ha) for a town center and a school was the first building erected there.[20] The first home was built in 1857, the Anaheim Gazette newspaper was established in 1870 and a hotel in 1871. The census of 1870 reported a population of 565 for the Anaheim district.[23] For 25 years, the area was the largest wine producer in California.[20] However, in 1884, a disease infected the grape vines and by the following year the entire industry was destroyed. Other crops – walnuts, lemons and oranges – soon filled the void. Fruits and vegetables had become viable cash crops when the Los Angeles – Orange County region was connected to the continental railroad network in 1887.[24]

Helena Modjeska

Polish actress Helena Modjeska settled in Anaheim with her husband and various friends, among them Henryk Sienkiewicz, Julian Sypniewski and Łucjan Paprocki. While living in Anaheim, Helena Modjeska became good friends with Clementine Langenberger, the second wife of August Langenberger.[25] Helena Street[26] and Clementine Street[26] are named after these two ladies, and the streets are located adjacent to each other as a symbol of the strong friendship which Helena Modjeska and Clementine Lagenberger shared. Modjeska Park[27] in West Anaheim, is also named after Helena Modjeska.

Early 20th century

Anaheim High School, 1900ح. 1900

During the first half of the 20th century, Anaheim was a massive rural community dominated by orange groves and the landowners who farmed them. One of the landowners was Bennett Payne Baxter, who owned much land in northeast Anaheim that today is the location of Angel Stadium.[28] He came up with many new ideas for irrigating orange groves and shared his ideas with other landowners. He was not only successful, he helped other landowners and businesspeople succeed as well. Ben Baxter and other landowners helped to make Anaheim a thriving rural community before the opening of Disneyland transformed the city. A street along Edison Park[28] is named Baxter Street. Also during this time, Rudolph Boysen served as Anaheim's first Park Superintendent from 1921 to 1950. Boysen created a hybrid berry which Walter Knott later named the boysenberry, after Rudy Boysen. Boysen Park[29] in East Anaheim was also named after him.

Anaheim in 1922

In 1924, Ku Klux Klan members were elected to the Anaheim City Council on a platform of political reform. Up until that point, the city had been controlled by a long-standing business and civic elite that was mostly German American. Given their tradition of moderate social drinking, the German Americans did not strongly support prohibition laws of the day. The mayor himself was a former saloon keeper. Led by the minister of the First Christian Church, the Klan represented a rising group of politically oriented non-ethnic Germans who denounced the elite as corrupt, undemocratic, and self-serving. The Klansmen aimed to create what they saw as a model, orderly community, one in which prohibition against alcohol would be strictly enforced. At the time, the KKK had about 1200 members in Orange County. The economic and occupational profile of the pro and anti-Klan groups shows the two were similar and about equally prosperous. Klan members were Protestants, as were the majority of their opponents; however, the opposition to the Klan also included many Catholic Germans. Individuals who joined the Klan had earlier demonstrated a much higher rate of voting and civic activism than did their opponents, and many of the individuals in Orange County who joined the Klan did so out of a sense of civic activism. Upon easily winning the local Anaheim election in April 1924, the Klan representatives promptly fired city employees who were known to be Catholic and replaced them with Klan appointees. The new city council tried to enforce prohibition. After its victory, the Klan chapter held large rallies and initiation ceremonies over the summer.[30]

The opposition to the KKK's hold on Anaheim politics organized, bribed a Klansman for their secret membership list, and exposed the Klansmen running in the state primaries, defeating most of the candidates. Klan opponents in 1925 took back local government, and succeeded in a special election in recalling the Klansmen who had been elected in April 1924. The Klan in Anaheim quickly collapsed; its newspaper closed after losing a libel suit, and the minister who led the local Klavern moved to Kansas.[30]

Mid to late 20th century: Disneyland and the Anaheim Resort

Construction of the Disneyland theme park began on July 16, 1954, and it opened to the public on July 17, 1955. It has become one of the world's most visited tourist attractions, with over 650 million visitors since its opening. The location was formerly 160 acres (0.65 km2) of orange and walnut trees. The opening of Disneyland created a tourism boom in the Anaheim area. Walt Disney had originally intended to purchase additional land to build accommodations for Disneyland visitors; however, the park's construction drained his financial resources and he was unable to acquire more land. Entrepreneurs eager to capitalize on Disney's success moved in and built hotels, restaurants, and shops around Disneyland and eventually boxed in the Disney property, and turned the area surrounding Disneyland into the boulevards of colorful neon signs that Walt Disney had tried to avoid. The city of Anaheim, eager for tax revenue these hotels would generate, did little to obstruct their construction.[31]

By the mid-1960s, the city's explosive growth would attract a Major League Baseball team, with the California Angels relocating from Los Angeles to Anaheim in 1966, where they have remained since. In 1980, the National Football League's Los Angeles Rams relocated from the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum to the Angels' home field, Anaheim Stadium, playing there until their relocation to St. Louis in 1995. In 1993, Anaheim gained its own National Hockey League team when The Walt Disney Company founded the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.

In the 1990s, while Disneyland was undergoing a significant expansion project surrounding the construction of Disney California Adventure Park, the city of Anaheim rebranded the surrounding area as the Anaheim Resort. The Anaheim Resort district is roughly bounded by the Santa Ana River to the east, Ball Road to the north, Walnut Street to the west, and the Garden Grove city limits to the south at Chapman Avenue, and Orangewood Avenue to the southwest.[32] Attractions within the Resort District include the Disneyland Resort, the Anaheim Convention Center, the Honda Center, Anaheim/Orange County Walk of Stars, and Angel Stadium of Anaheim.[33]

Part of the project included removing the colorful neon signs and replacing them with shorter, more modest signs, as well as widening the arterial streets in the area into tree-lined boulevards.[34][35]


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21st century

Flag of Anaheim from 2018 to 2019

In 2001, Disney's California Adventure (renamed Disney California Adventure Park in 2010), the most expansive project in Disneyland's history, opened to the public.[36] In 2007, Anaheim celebrated its sesquicentennial.[37]

In July 2012, political protests by Hispanic residents occurred following the fatal shooting of two men, the first of whom was unarmed. Protesting occurred in the area between State College and East Street, and was motivated by concerns over police brutality, gang activity, domination of the city by commercial interests, and a perceived lack of political representation of Hispanic residents in the city government.[38][39][40] The protests were accompanied by looting of businesses and homes.[41][42]

الجغرافيا

Anaheim is located at 33°50′10″N 117°53′23″W / 33.836165°N 117.889769°W / 33.836165; -117.889769[43] and is approximately 25 miles (40 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles. The city roughly follows the east-to-west route of the 91 Freeway from the Orange-Riverside county border to Buena Park. To the north, Anaheim is bounded by Yorba Linda, Placentia, Fullerton, and Buena Park (from east to west). The city shares its western border with Buena Park and Cypress. Anaheim is bordered on the south by Stanton, Garden Grove, and Orange (from west to east). Various unincorporated areas of Orange County also abut the city, including Anaheim Island.[44] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 50.8 square miles (132 km2), 49.8 square miles (129 km2) of which is land and 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2) of which (1.92%) is water.

Cityscape

"Anaheim Canyon" تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة the Metrolink train station، انظر Anaheim Canyon station.

The city recognizes several districts, including the Anaheim Resort (the area surrounding Disneyland), Anaheim Canyon (an industrial area north of California State Route 91 and east of California State Route 57), and the Platinum Triangle (the area surrounding Angel Stadium). Anaheim Hills also maintains a distinct identity. The contiguous commercial development from the Disney Resort through into the cities of Orange, Garden Grove and Santa Ana has collectively been termed the Anaheim–Santa Ana edge city.

صورة بانورامية لجزء من شرق أناهايم في وادي سانتا آنا

الاقتصاد

Sleeping Beauty Castle at Disneyland during the park's 50th anniversary celebration

Anaheim's income is based on a tourism economy. In addition to The Walt Disney Company being the city's largest employer, the Disneyland Resort itself contributes about $4.7 billion annually to Southern California's economy. It also produces $255 million in taxes every year.[45] Another source of tourism is the Anaheim Convention Center, which is home to many important national conferences. Many hotels, especially in the city's Resort district, serve theme park tourists and conventiongoers. Continuous development of commercial, entertainment, and cultural facilities stretches from the Disney area east to the Santa Ana River, south into the cities of Garden Grove, Orange and Santa Ana – collectively, this area has been labeled the Anaheim–Santa Ana edge city and is one of the three largest such clusters in Orange County, together with the South Coast Plaza–John Wayne Airport edge city and Irvine Spectrum.

The Anaheim Canyon business park makes up 63% of Anaheim's industrial space and is the largest industrial district in Orange County. Anaheim Canyon is also home to the second-largest business park in Orange County.[46][47]

Several notable companies have corporate offices and/or headquarters within Anaheim.

Top employers

According to the city's 2021 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,[55] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 Disneyland Resort 19,000
2 Kaiser Foundation Hospital 4,194
3 L-3 Communications 1,234
4 Anaheim Regional Medical Center 1,200
5 Northgate González Markets 1,079
6 Hilton Anaheim 1,000
7 West Anaheim Medical Center 865
8 Angels Baseball 824
9 Carrington Mortgage Services 800
10 St. Joseph Heritage Healthcare 800

Retail

Larger retail centers include the Downtown Disney shopping area at the Disneyland Resort, the power centers Anaheim Plaza in western Anaheim (347,000 ft2 ),[56] and Anaheim Town Square in East Anaheim (374,000 ft2 ),[57] as well as the Anaheim GardenWalk lifestyle center (440,000 ft2  of retail, dining and entertainment located in the Anaheim Resort).

المناخ

مثل العديد من مدن الساحل الجنوبي، تحتفظ أناهايم بمناخ شبه استوائي مناخ البحر الأبيض المتوسط "Csa" ، حيث تتمتع بشتاء دافئ وصيف حار.[58]

بيانات مناخ أناهايم، كاليفورنيا (معدلات بين 1981–2010)
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى القياسية °ف (°س) 95
(35) 		94
(34.4) 		97
(36.1) 		106
(41.1) 		106
(41.1) 		104
(40) 		107
(41.7) 		102
(38.9) 		108
(42.2) 		107
(41.7) 		100
(37.8) 		89
(31.7) 		108
(42٫2)
العظمى المتوسطة °ف (°س) 69.7
(20.94) 		69.9
(21.06) 		72.2
(22.33) 		74.6
(23.67) 		77.1
(25.06) 		80.2
(26.78) 		85.2
(29.56) 		86.9
(30.5) 		85.8
(29.89) 		81.3
(27.39) 		73.0
(22.78) 		70.2
(21.22) 		77٫18
(25٫097)
الصغرى المتوسطة °ف (°س) 47.3
(8.5) 		48.4
(9.11) 		50.4
(10.22) 		52.9
(11.61) 		57.3
(14.06) 		60.6
(15.89) 		64.0
(17.78) 		64.4
(18) 		62.2
(16.78) 		57.8
(14.33) 		50.2
(10.11) 		47.4
(8.56) 		55٫24
(12٫912)
الصغرى القياسية °ف (°س) 30
(-1.1) 		30
(-1.1) 		37
(2.8) 		38
(3.3) 		45
(7.2) 		50
(10) 		54
(12.2) 		53
(11.7) 		51
(10.6) 		45
(7.2) 		33
(0.6) 		32
(0) 		30
(−1٫1)
هطول inches (mm) 3.39
(86.1) 		3.34
(84.8) 		2.07
(52.6) 		0.82
(20.8) 		0.35
(8.9) 		0.16
(4.1) 		0.03
(0.8) 		0.00
(0) 		0.09
(2.3) 		0.66
(16.8) 		1.09
(27.7) 		2.26
(57.4) 		14٫26
(362٫2)
Source: [59]


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انظر أيضاً

== المراجع ==

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روابط خارجية

قالب:Anaheim

Fullerton, Placentia, Yorba Linda Buena Park
Riverside County شمال Buena Park
الشرق   Anaheim    الغرب
جنوب
Stanton, Anaheim Island, Garden Grove, Orange Cypress
الكلمات الدالة:
تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=أناهايم،_كاليفورنيا&oldid=2926564"