عجائب الدنيا السبع

عجائب الدنيا السبعة للعالم القديم(من اليسار الى اليمين الى اليمين, من أعلى الى أسفل:الهرم الأكبر فى الجيزة, حدائق بابل المعلقة , معبد أرتيمس فى إفيسوس, تمثال زيوس فى أوليمبيا, ضريح مايوسولوس English—Detect language—AlbanianArabicBulgarianCatalanChineseCroatianCzechDanishDutchEnglishEstonianFilipinoFinnishFrenchGalicianGermanGreekHebrewHindiHungarianIndonesianItalianJapaneseKoreanLatvianLithuanianMalteseNorwegianPolishPortugueseRomanianRussianSerbianSlovakSlovenianSpanishSwedishThaiTurkishUkrainianVietnamese > Arabic—AlbanianArabicBulgarianCatalanChinese (Simplified)Chinese (Traditional)CroatianCzechDanishDutchEnglishEstonianFilipinoFinnishFrenchGalicianGermanGreekHebrewHindiHungarianIndonesianItalianJapaneseKoreanLatvianLithuanianMalteseNorwegianPolishPortugueseRomanianRussianSerbianSlovakSlovenianSpanishSwedishThaiTurkishUkrainianVietnamese swap Contribute a better translation

عجائب الدنيا السبعة أو العجائب السبعة للعالم القديم هى قائمة معروفة لسبعة منشآت بارزة منشآت قديمة كلاسيكية. لأنه يستند إلى دليل الكتب الشعبية بين الهيلينية (اليونانية) السياح وتشمل فقط أعمال حول حوض البحر الأبيض المتوسط . تفصيلها الآتى تشمل تلك التى للعالم القديم و العالم الحديث. و قد أختير الرقم سبعة لأن اليونانيون إعتقدو أن ذلك يبدو سحرا.^[1]

عجائب الدنيا السبع القديمة

القائمة التقليدية, لاتعتبر الأولى أو الأخيرة, أبتكرها فيلو البزنطى و كتبت فى 225 قبل الميلاد وكان عمله "حول العجائب السبعة". القوائم الأولى و الأخيرة, كتبها المؤرخ هيرودوت (484 BC–ca. 425 BC), و المعمارى كاليماخوس فى سيرين (ca 305–240 BC) فى معبد الإسكندرية, البقاء حيا ما عدى إشارات في وقت لاحق نسخة من قائمة عجائب الدنيا السبع هي التي جمعتها Antipater صيدا, الذي وصف الشكل في قصيدة نحو 140 قبل الميلاد:

لقد حدقت على جدران منيعة من بابل التي كانت ترقب سباق عربات الخيل, و تمثال زيوس على ضفاف بحيرة ألفيوس, لقد رأيت الحدائق المعلقة, و كولوزوس التابع الى هيليوس, هذا الرجل العظيم الذي أدلى جبالا سامية من الاهرامات, وقبر العملاق ماوسولوس لكن عندما رأيت بيت المقدس آرتيميس, الذى طاول السحب, و توارى الآخرون فى الظل, و بالنسبة للشمس نفسها, لم ينظر إلى تحقيق المساواة, خارج معبد الأوليمب

– Antipater, Greek Anthology IX.58

وتوضيح هذا فى الجدول الأسفل:^[1]

The Great Pyramid of Giza, the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still standing.

The Greek category was not "Wonders" but theamata, which translates closer to "things to be seen".^[1] The seven as we know them could only have been seen after 280 BC, when the Colossus of Rhodes was completed. Earlier lists included things like the Walls of Babylon. The list is at its core, a celebration of Greek accomplishments. Only two of the final seven were non-Greek. Interestingly enough, since the Colossus of Rhodes fell down after a mere 50 years (it fell in a massive earthquake in 226 BC), few historians could have seen it standing (Philo amongst them) and so the exact form of the statue is unknown. It is known however that the Colossus could not have straddled the harbour entrance as it is often depicted in romantic medieval pictures.

Antipater's first list replaced the Lighthouse of Alexandria with the Ishtar Gate. Of these wonders, the only one that has survived to the present day is the Great Pyramid of Giza. The existence of the Hanging Gardens has not been proven, though theories abound. Records and archaeology confirm that the other five wonders used to exist. The Temple of Artemis and the Statue of Zeus were destroyed by fire, while the Lighthouse of Alexandria, Colossus, and tomb of Maussollos were destroyed by earthquakes. There are sculptures from the tomb of Maussollos and the Temple of Artemis in the British Museum in London.

See also

• Wonders of the World, about similar lists made throughout the ages.
• Eighth Wonder of the World, about attempted additions to the famous ancient list.

Further reading

• D'Epiro, Peter, and Mary Desmond Pinkowish, "What Are the Seven Wonders of the World? and 100 Other Great Cultural Lists". Anchor. December 1, 1998. ISBN 0-385-49062-3
• "The Seven Wonders of the World, a History of Modern Imagination" written by John & Elizabeth Romer in 1995
• "The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" edited by Peter Clayton and Martin Price in 1988

References

External links

• The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World — a look from a professor of civil engineering at the American University in Dubai
• Image of the Seven Wonder locations
• Livius.org: Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
• Video about the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, a virtual satellite tour made with Google Earth [02:34]
• Parkin, Tim, Researching Ancient Wonders: A Research Guide, from the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. - a collection of books and Internet resources with information on seven ancient wonders.
• Google Maps 7 Ancient Wonders of the World
• "Eternal wonder of humanity's first great achievements", by Jonathan Glancey in The Guardian, March 10, 2007
• Seven Wonders Suite for Orchestra — A symphonic suite inspired by the seven ancient monuments by UK composer Stuart Mitchell - The Prague Symphony Orchestra

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