أوبلاست أومسك

(تم التحويل من اوبلاست اومسك)
Omsk Oblast
Oblast
Омская область
علم Omsk Oblast
Flag
درع Omsk Oblast
Coat of arms
النشيد: Anthem of Omsk Oblast
Map of Russia - Omsk Oblast.svg
الإحداثيات: 56°13′N 73°16′E / 56.217°N 73.267°E / 56.217; 73.267Coordinates: 56°13′N 73°16′E / 56.217°N 73.267°E / 56.217; 73.267
البلدروسيا
المنطقة الاتحاديةSiberian[1]
المنطقة الاقتصاديةWest Siberian[2]
تأسستDecember 7, 1934
Administrative centerOmsk
الحكومة
 • الكيانLegislative Assembly
 • GovernorAlexander Burkov[3]
المساحة
[4]
 • Total139٬700 كم² (53٬900 ميل²)
ترتيب المساحة28th
التعداد
 (2010 Census)[5]
 • Total1٬977٬665
 • Estimate 
(2018)
1٬960٬081 (−0٫9%)
 • الترتيب24th
 • الكثافة14/km2 (37/sq mi)
 • Urban
71٫5%
 • الريف
28٫5%
منطقة التوقيتUTC+ ([6])
ISO 3166 codeRU-OMS
لوحات السيارات55
OKTMO ID52000000
اللغات الرسميةالروسية[7]
الموقع الإلكترونيhttp://www.omskportal.ru/

أومسك أوبلاست هي إحدى الكيانات الفدرالية في روسيا.

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History

Prehistory and the Middle Ages

Archeological findings indicate that the present day territory of the oblast has been inhabited for the last 14,000 years. Neolithic societies in the area lived by fishing and hunting. About three thousand years ago, pastoralism began to take hold. Ust'-Ishim man, the remains of a man that lived 45,000 years ago, was discovered in Omsk Oblast.

Various Turkic states dominated the area throughout the Medieval era. The most notable of these were the Western Turkic Khaganate and the Siberian Khanate. Siberian Tatars, Mongols, Khanty and Mansi tribes, along with others, inhabited the territory.

استكشاف سيبيريا

The Russian history of Omsk began with the 1584 arrival of a Cossack force under the command of ataman Yermak, who defeated local rulers and established nominal Russian control of the area. To support further expansion tsars Feodor I and Boris Godunov initiated the construction of fortified settlements and military outposts in the south of Siberia in order to defend their subjects from raiding nomadic tribesmen and to exert authority over local populations, specifically over the tribute-paying Siberian Tatars of The Baraba Lands. The first permanent Russian settlement in the region, the city of Tara, was founded in 1594, soon it began to play an important part in fur trade that connected Russia with Central Asia and China.

In 1716 a fortress was constructed at the confluence of the Om and Irtysh rivers on the orders of sublieutenant Ivan Bugholtz. The fortress would form the nucleus for the development of the future city of Omsk. By the second half of the 18th century, Omsk fortress was the largest building of any kind in the eastern part of Russia.

التقسيمات الادارية

وتحوي المدن والقرى التالية: إيسيلكول، كالاتشينسك، نازيفايفسك، أومسك، تارا، روسيا، تيوكالينسك،


Economy

As of 2008, Omsk Oblast is the 23rd largest economy in Russia, with a gross regional product of 10.2 billion dollars.

The economy of Omsk Oblast is heavily industrial, with well developed, and growing, service and financial sectors. Agriculture represents a smaller, but still significant, portion of the economy.

Economic activity is concentrated in Omsk, with over sixty-six thousand private enterprises registered, ranging from small-scale retailers to billion-dollar manufacturing.[8]

Omsk was ranked by Forbes as the 6th-best city in Russia for business in 2008, an improvement over its 20th-place ranking the previous year.[9]

The oblast and city governments have made efforts to improve the business climate and foster small enterprise through various incentives and government programs designed to ease the bureaucratic red-tape, a notorious feature of Russian business life, and to generate cooperation within the business community.[10]

The bulk of industrial output, as of 2009, is concentrated in food and tobacco processing ($900 million), hydrocarbon processing ($6.7 billion), chemical manufacturing ($500 m), plastics manufacturing ($200 m) and the manufacture of electrical components ($280 m). The remainder of the economy is dominated by the retail sector and agriculture.

The largest industrial enterprises include the aerospace manufacturer Polyot, the Omsk Aggregate Plant, the agricultural manufacturer Sibzavod, Omsk Baranov Motorworks, and Omsktransmash, which manufactures the T-80 main battle tank. Additionally, Omsk Rubber, the Technical Hydrocarbon Plant, Omsk-Polymer and Omsk Hydrocarbon Processing Plant, represent the petroleum and hydrocarbon industry. Omsk Hydrocarbon is one of the most important oil refineries in Russia.[11]

The oblast operates four thermal power plants, which makes it largely self-sufficient from the standpoint of energy generation.

Agricultural production is concentrated in the Isil'rul'skii District and produces wheat, barley, flax, sunflower, potato, various fruits and vegetables as well as meat, poultry and dairy products.

The food processing sector includes several breweries, a distillery and numerous food packaging enterprises.

الديمغرافيا

Population: 1,977,665 (تعداد 2010);[5] 2,692,251 (تعداد 2002);[12] 2,782,005 (تعداد 1989).[13]

Vital statistics for 2012
  • Births: 29 475 (14.9 per 1000)
  • Deaths: 27 197 (13.8 per 1000)[14]
  • Total fertility rate:[15]

2009 - 1.58 | 2010 - 1.60 | 2011 - 1.66 | 2012 - 1.86 | 2013 - 1.87 | 2014 - 1.95 | 2015 - 1.91 | 2016 - 1.81(e)

According to the 2010 Census, the ethnic composition was:[5]

  • 85.8% Russian
  • 4.1% Kazakh
  • 2.7% Ukrainian
  • 2.6% German
  • 2.2% Tatar
  • 0.3% Belarusians
  • 0.4% Armenian
  • other groups of less than two thousand persons each
  • 57,518 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[16]


Sister relationships

See also

References

  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (گوستاندارت of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER).
  3. ^ Александр Бурков - Губернатор Омской области. [1] Alexander Burkov, Governor of Omsk Oblast] (in روسية)
  4. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in الروسية). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  5. ^ أ ب ت Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  6. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in الروسية). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  7. ^ الرسمية في جميع أرجاء روسيا الاتحادية حسب الفقرة 68.1 من دستور روسيا.
  8. ^ Отчёт о работе администрации города Омска в 2005—2009 годах
  9. ^ "Журнал "Forbes" - 30 лучших городов для бизнеса — 2010" (in Russian). May 27, 2010. Retrieved 2011-03-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ^ Галина Балашенко «Заниматься бизнесом станет проще» // «Домашняя газета» № 22 (065), 9 июня 2010 года
  11. ^ Russian Regional Economic and Business Atlas Volume 2: Strategic Investment and Business Information ISBN 978-1-577-51030-7 p. 131
  12. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]][[Category:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|ru]] (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2008-07-25. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  13. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров.[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]][[Category:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|ru]] (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. Retrieved 2007-12-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  14. ^ Естественное движение населения в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации. Gks.ru. Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
  15. ^ Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Gks.ru (2010-05-08). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
  16. ^ "Перепись-2010: русских становится больше". Perepis-2010.ru. 2011-12-19. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  17. ^ Hungary Russia sister city relationships Archived 2012-09-19 at archive.today

قالب:Omsk Oblast


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