فأرة

مكونات فأرة الحاسوب ذي الكرة

A contemporary computer mouse, with the most common standard features: two buttons and a scroll wheel, which can also act as a third button

الفأرة (mouse) هي إحدى وحدات الإدخال في الحاسوب يتم استعمالها يدويا. وتحتوي على زر واحد في الحواسيب من نوع أبل ماكينتوش و زرين في الحواسيب الشخصية (PC) و لاحقا تم إضافة زر ثالث ثم العديد من الأزرار للعمليات المختلفة.

التسمية

تقنيات

بدايات الفأرة

The world's first trackball invented by Tom Cranston, Fred Longstaff and Kenyon Taylor working on the Royal Canadian Navy's DATAR project in 1952. It used a standard Canadian five-pin bowling ball. It was not patented, as it was a secret military project.

Early mouse patents. From left to right: Opposing track wheels by Engelbart, Nov. 1970, قالب:US Patent. Ball and wheel by Rider, Sept. 1974, قالب:US Patent. Ball and two rollers with spring by Opocensky, Oct. 1976, قالب:US Patent.

The first computer mouse, held by inventor Douglas Engelbart, showing the wheels that make contact with the working surface

A Smaky mouse, as invented at the EPFL by Jean-Daniel Nicoud and André Guignard.

الفأرات الميكانيكية

Mechanical mouse, shown with the top cover removed

Operating a mechanical mouse.
1: moving the mouse turns the ball.
2: X and Y rollers grip the ball and transfer movement.
3: Optical encoding disks include light holes.
4: Infrared LEDs shine through the disks.
5: Sensors gather light pulses to convert to X and Y velocities.

الضوئية والضوئية-الميكانيكية

الفأرة الضوئية

بداية الفأرة الضوئية

رقاقة من فأرة زيروكس الضوئية

The optical sensor from a Microsoft Wireless IntelliMouse Explorer (v. 1.0A)

الفأرة الضوئية الحديثة

الفأرة الضوئية بالأشعة تحت الحمراء

فأرة الليزر

Color of optical mouse diodes

Example of a Logitech optical mouse with a blue diode

توفير الطاقة في الفأرة الضوئية

A wireless mouse on a mouse pad

Optical versus mechanical mice

The Logitech iFeel optical mouse uses a red LED to project light onto the tracking surface.

فأة الليزر الزجاجي

Inertial and gyroscopic mice

الفأرة ثلاثية الأبعاد

أنظمة متعددة الفأرات

بروتوكلات الاتصال والتواصل

Serial interface and protocol

PS/2 interface and protocol

Extensions: IntelliMouse and others

Apple Desktop Bus

Apple Macintosh Plus mice, 1986

Tactile mice

Applications of mice in user-interfaces

Common mouse operations

Low level gestures

Standard semantic gestures

الأزرار

One, two, three or more buttons?

One button mouse

Three-button mouse

Five button mouse

أزرار إضافية

العجلات

سرعة الفأرة

كماليات

Mousepad

المقال الرئيسي: Mousepad

Foot covers

First-person shooters

Logitech G5 Laser Mouse designed for gaming

Invert mouse setting

Home consoles

انظر أيضا

Computer accessibility Footmouse Graphics tablet Gesture recognition Human–computer interaction Mouse gesture Mouse keys Mousepad

Pointing stick (TrackPoint, PointStick, Track-Stick etc.) Pointing device Repetitive strain injury Touchpad Trackball USB WIMP (computing) Telautograph Rotational mouse

بوابة الكترونيات

ملاحظات

المصادر

• Agilent Technologies (2004). ADNS-2610 Optical Mouse Sensor. (pdf format) Retrieved 2004-11-16.
• Squeak Wiki (16 March 2004). FAQ: Mouse Buttons. Revision 24. Retrieved 2004-11-17.
• Inertial mouse system, United States Patent 4787051

وصلات خارجية

هنالك المزيد من الملفات في ويكيميديا كومونز حول:

Computer mouse

• Timeline of Mouse History (Macworld)
• Interview with Doug Engelbart on 40th Anniversary of the Mouse
• The Earliest Computer Mice
• The Xerox Alto ball mouse and Star optical mouse
• Primary Material on the Apple Mouse
• Of Mice and Zen: Product Design and Invisible Innovation, by Alex Soojung-Kim PangPDF (64.9 KiBapplication/pdf, 66545 bytes)
• MouseSite including 1968 demonstration
• Mouse Interrupts in DOS
• The PS/2 mouse interface – Detailed description of the data protocol, including the Microsoft Intellimouse wheel-and-five-buttons extensions
• Serial-port mouse protocols
• howstuffworks.com article on how computer mice work
• BBC News Channel – First Ever Computer Mouse Demo