الحرب الشيشانية الثانية

الحرب الشيشانية الثانية
التاريخ مرحلة القتال النشط: أغسطس 1999 — مايو 2000 التمرد: مايو 2000 — نهاية 2004 القتال المتقطع المتمركز: 2005 — للحاضر المكان شمال القوقاز, روسيا سبب الحرب الحرب في داغستان, تفجيرات 1999 النتيجة
الأطراف المتخاصمة
روسيا الاتحادية الشيشان الموالون	جمهورية إچكريا الإنفصاليون القوقازيون المجاهدون العرب
القادة
ڤلاديمير پوتين Gennady Troshev ألكسندر برنوڤ Valentin Korabelnikov Akhmad Kadyrov † رمضان قديروڤ Dzabrail Yamadayev † Sulim Yamadayev Said-Magomed Kakiyev	أصلان مسخدوڤ † الشيخ عبد الحليم † دقة عمروڤ Hamzat Gelayev † شامل بساييڤ † Akhmed Yevloyev خطاب † أبو الوليد † أبو حفص † مهند
الحشود
At least 93,000 in Chechnya in 1999.[1] About 50,000 to over 60,000 federal and republican forces in Chechnya in 2006.[1] More in neighbouring regions.	22,000 in 1999 (Russian estimate).[1]
الخسائر
over 5,000 (official figures, number is most likely higher)[1] - [1]	Over 15,000 killed (Russian estimate)[بحاجة لمصدر] 5,000 killed (Chechen Claim) The actual number is most likely somewhere in between these two estimates.
خسائر مدنية: Est. up to 25,000 killed and up to 5,000 "disappeared" in Chechnya (AI estimate)[1] Est. 50,000 killed in Chechnya (GfbV estimate[1]) More in neighbouring regions More than 600 قـُتلوا أثناء الهجمات الإرهابية في روسيا

الحرب الشيشانية الثانية Second Chechen War, في مرحلة لاحقة صارت تـُعرَف باسم الحرب في شمال القوقاز,^[1] شنتها روسيا الإتحادية بدءاً من 26 أغسطس 1999, وفيها قامت القوات الروسية بإستعادة السيطرة، لدرجة كبيرة، على المنطقة الإنفصالية من چچنيا.

الحرب الشيشانية الثانية بدأت رداً على غزو داغستان من قِبل س.ح.س.د.إ., وتفجيرات الشقق الروسية التي حمـَّلت روسيا مسئوليتها على الإنفصاليين الشيشان, بالرغم من عدم نشر أية أدلة تربط الشيشان بالتفجيرات. الحملة، إلى حد كبير، عكست نتائج الحرب الشيشانية الأولى, التي حصلت المنطقة فيها على إستقلال الأمر الواقع كجمهورية إچكريا الشيشانية. وبالرغم من أن عديدين يعتبرونه صراعاً داخلياً ضمن الإتحاد الروسي, وفقد جذبت الحرب عدداً كبيراً من المقاتلين الأجانب الجهاديين.

خلال الهجمات الاولية, العسكرية الروسية والشيشان الموالين لروسيا واجهوا الانفصاليين الشيشان فى معارك مفتوحة, و طوقوا عاصمة الشيشان گرونزي بعد حصار شتائي استمر من اواخر 1999 إلى فبراير اللاحق. اسست روسيا قاعدة مباشررة فى الشيشان فى مايو 2000 و بعد الهجوم الشامل, استمرت المقاومة الفدائية الشياشانية فى شمال القوقاز فى تكبيد الروس خسائر كبيرة و اوقفت السيطرة السياسية على الشيشان لعدة سنوات. بعد الثوار الروس نفذوا هجمات ارهابية, ضد المدنيين الروس. هذه الهجمات الارهابية, تعتبر انتهاجك لحقوق الانسان من قبل الروس و الثوار, ادت إلى سحب الادانة الدولية.

عطلت روسيا حركة الثوار الشيشان, على الرفم من استمرار حدوث العنف فى شمال القوقاز. القتال الواسع استبدل بحرب عصابات و تفجيرات استهدفت القوات الاتحادية و قوات الحكومة المحلية, و بهذا العنف الذى امتد إلى معظم المناطق المجاورة منذ 2005. ان الخسائر فى الارواح من هذا الصراح غير معروفة. تقديرات غير رسمية تشير إلى 25000-50000 ميت او مفقود. معظم المدنيين فى الشيشان. لا توجد ارقام صافية للخسائر الروسية معلومة للعامة. تبقى كلا الحربين الشيشانتين غير معلومة للخارج.

فهرست 1 الأسس التاريخية للصراع 1.1 الامبراطورية الروسية 1.2 الاتحاد السوڤييتي 1.3 الحرب الشيشانية الأولى 1.4 الصراع في داغستان 1.5 التفجيرات في روسيا 2 الهجوم الروسي 1999–2000 2.1 الحرب الجوية 2.2 Siege of Grozny 2.3 Battle for the mountains 2.4 Restoration of federal government 3 Insurgency 3.1 Guerrilla war in Chechnya 3.2 Suicide attacks 3.3 Assassinations 3.4 Caucasus Front 4 Human rights and terrorism 4.1 Human rights and war crimes 4.2 Terrorist attacks 5 Other issues 5.1 Pankisi crisis 5.2 Government censorship of the media coverage 6 Effects 6.1 Civilian losses 6.2 Impact on the Russian population 7 الوضع 8 People of the Second Chechen War 8.1 Russian political leaders and commanders 8.2 Separatist political leaders and commanders 8.3 Other associated people 9 See also 10 References 11 Bibliography 12 External links

الأسس التاريخية للصراع

الامبراطورية الروسية

الاتحاد السوڤييتي

الحرب الشيشانية الأولى

الصراع في داغستان

طالع: حرب داغستان

التفجيرات في روسيا

الهجوم الروسي 1999–2000

الحرب الجوية

See also: List of Russian aircraft losses in the Second Chechen War

Siege of Grozny

Battle for the mountains

Restoration of federal government

Insurgency

قالب:Campaignbox Second Chechen War (guerrilla phase)

Guerrilla war in Chechnya

Suicide attacks

Assassinations

Caucasus Front

Human rights and terrorism

Human rights and war crimes

The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (April 2008)

قالب:Campaignbox Second Chechen War civilian attacks

Terrorist attacks

قالب:Campaignbox Second Chechen War terrorism

Other issues

Pankisi crisis

Government censorship of the media coverage

Effects

Civilian losses

Impact on the Russian population

انظر أيضاً: Human rights in Russia و Anti-national sentiment in Russia

الوضع

People of the Second Chechen War

Russian political leaders and commanders

President of Russia

(in chronological order) Boris Yeltsin (died 2007), Vladimir Putin (Prime Minister from 2008)

Chiefs of the FSB, the GRU, and the General Staff of the Armed Forces

Nikolai Patrushev - Valentin Korabelnikov - Anatoly Kvashnin, Yuri Baluyevsky

Commander of the Joint Group of Forces in the North Caucasus

(in chronological order) Vladimir Moltenskoy, Sergey Makarov, Valery Baranov (maimed 2004), Yakov Nedobitko

Commander of the North Caucasus Military District

(in chronological order) Viktor Kazantsev, Gennady Troshev, Vladimir Boldyrev, Alexander Baranov

Defence Minister of the Russian Federation

(in chronological order) Igor Sergeyev, Sergei Ivanov, Anatoliy Serdyukov

Interior Minister of Russia

(in chronological order) Vladimir Rushailo, Boris Gryzlov, Rashid Nurgaliyev

Military commandant of Chechnya

Yevgeniy Abrashin, Ivan Babichev, Grigory Fomenko, Leonid Krivonos

President of the Chechen Republic

(in chronological order) Akhmad Kadyrov (assassinated 2004), Alu Alkhanov, Ramzan Kadyrov

Pro-Russian Chechen commanders and politicians

Salman Abuyev (assassinated 2001), Artur Akhmadov, Ruslan Alkhanov, Abu Arsanukayev, Aslambek Aslakhanov, Movladi Baisarov (assassinated 2006), Shamil Burayev, Zina Batyzheva, Odes Baysultanov, Alimbek Delimkhanov, Adam Demilkhanov, Adam Deniyev (assassinated 2000), Rudnik Dudayev †, Taus Dzhabrailov, Bislan Gantamirov, Musa Gazimagomadov (died 2003), Hussein Isayev (assassinated 2004), Idris Gaibov, Muslim Ilyasov, Zelimkhan Kadyrov (died 2004), Said-Magomed Kakiyev, Nusreda Khabuseyeva †, Magomed Khambiyev, Ibragim Khultygov, Rezvan Kutsuyev, Supyan Makhchayev, Malik Saidullayev, Sultan Satuyev, Movsar Temirbayev, Raybek Tovzayev (killed 2001), Ruslan Tsakayev (died 2003), Said-Selim Tsuyev, Dzhabrail Yamadayev (assassinated 2003), Khalid Yamadayev, Ruslan Yamadayev, Sulim Yamadayev, Alambek Yasayev, Aud Yusupov †, Akhmad Zavgayev (assassinated 2002), and others

Russian commanders and politicians

Sergei Abramov, Mukhu Aliyev, Aslambek Aslakhanov, Mikhail Babich, Viktor Barsukov, Aleksandr Bespalov, Yuri Budanov (imprisoned 2003), Boris Fadeyev, Gaidar Gadzhiyev (assassinated 2001), Magomed Gazimagomedov, Nikolai Goridov (assassinated 2002), Aleksandr Kayak (assassinated 2005), Oleg Khotin, Alexander Kolmakov, Dzhabrail Kostoyev (assassinated 2006), Abukar Kostoyev (killed 2004), Anatoly Kyarov (assassinated 2008), Alexander Lentsov, Adilgerei Magomedtagirov, Magomedali Magomedov, Ibragim Malsagov, Mikhail Malofayev (killed 2000), Valery Manilov, Mark Metsayev †, Magomed Omarov (assassinated 2005), Boris Podoprigora, Aleksandr Potapov, Anatoly Pozdnyakov (assassinated 2001), Mikhail Rudchenko (assassinated 2002), Yan Sergunin (assassinated 2004), Vladimir Shamanov, Igor Shifrin (assassinated 2002), Georgy Shpak, German Ugryumov (died 2001), Pavel Varfolomeyev (assassinated 2001), Sergei Yastrzhembsky, Sergei Zveryev (assassinated 2000), Murat Zyazikov, and others

Separatist political leaders and commanders

President of Ichkeria

(in chronological order) Aslan Maskhadov (killed 2005), Sheikh Abdul Halim (killed 2006), Dokka Umarov

Chechen separatist commanders and politicians

Salman Abuyev (defected), Aslambek Abdulkhadzhiev (killed 2002), Artur Akhmadov (defected), Ilyas Akhmadov, Uvais Akhmadov, Ruslan Alikhadzhyev (forcibly disappeared 2000), Ruslan Alkhanov (defected), Vakha Arsanov (killed or murdered in captivity 2005), Turpal-Ali Atgeriev (died or murdered in captivity 2002), Akhmed Avtorkhanov (killed 2005), Arbi Barayev (killed 2001), Movsar Barayev (killed 2002), Shamil Basayev (killed 2006), Rizvan Chitigov (killed 2005), Lecha Dudayev (killed 2000), Suleiman Elmurzayev (killed 2007), Idris Gaibov (defected), Ruslan Gelayev (killed 2004), Sultan Geliskhanov (captured 2006), Lecha Islamov (died or murdered in capitivity 2005), Aslambek Ismailov (killed 2000), Khunkarpasha Israpilov (killed 2000), Magomed Khambiyev (defected), Umar Khambiyev, Ibragim Khultygov (defected), Isa Munayev, Isa Muskiyev (killed 2006), Abu Movsayev (killed 2000), Khozh-Ahmed Noukhayev (unknown fate), Salman Raduyev (died or murdered in captivity 2002), Salautdin Temirbulatov (imprisoned), Movladi Udugov, Yamadayev brothers (defected), Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev (assassinated 2004), Akhmed Zakayev, and others

North Caucasian and foreign militant leaders

Anzor Astemirov, Muslim Atayev (killed 2005), Alan Digorsky, Ilias Gorchkhanov (killed 2005), Rappani Khalilov (killed 2007), Ibn al-Khattab (assassinated 2002), Abdul Madzhid, Rasul Makasharipov (killed 2005), Muhannad, Abu Hafs al-Urduni (killed 2006), Abu al-Walid (killed 2004), Akhmed Yevloyev, and others

Other associated people

Journalists

Andrei Babitsky, Supian Ependiyev (killed 1999), Adlan Khasanov (killed 2004), Ramzan Mezhidov (killed 1999), Robert Young Pelton, Anna Politkovskaya (assassinated 2006), Roddy Scott (killed 2002), Fatima Tlisova, and others

Victims of human rights abuses

Ruslan Alikhadzhyev (kidnapped 2000, presumed dead), Shakhid Baysayev (kidnapped 2000, presumed dead), Zura Bitiyeva (murdered with her family 2003), Elza Kungayeva (kidnapped, raped and murdered 2000), Nura Luluyeva (kidnapped and murdered 2000), Zelimkhan Murdalov (forcibly disappeared 2001, presumed dead), Malika Umazheva (murdered 2002), Khadzhi-Murat Yandiyev (forcibly disappeared 2000, presumed dead), and others

Various

Ruslan Aushev, Shamil Beno, Aleksey Galkin, Nur-Pashi Kulayev (imprisoned 2006, unknown fate), Sergei Lapin (imprisoned 2005), Timur Mucuraev, Lidia Yusupova, and others

See also

• First Chechen War
• Chechen people
• Command responsibility
• International response to the Second Chechen War
• Islam in Russia
• List of wars
• Peoples of the Caucasus

References

Bibliography

• [1] "Three Worlds Gone Mad" Author: Robert Young Pelton
• A Dirty War: A Russian Reporter in Chechnya Author: Anna Politkovskaya
• A Military History of Russia: From Ivan the Terrible to the War in Chechnya Author: David R. Stone (preview available)
• A Small Corner of Hell: Dispatches from Chechnya Author: Anna Politkovskaya (preview available)
• Allah's Mountains: The Battle for Chechnya Author: Sebastian Smith (preview available)
• Chechnya: From Nationalism to Jihad Author: James Hughes (preview available)
• Chechnya: From Past To Future Author: Richard Sakwa and others (preview available)
• Chechnya: Life in a War-Torn Society Author: Valery Tishkov (preview available)
• Chechnya: The Case for Independence Author: Tony Wood
• Chechnya: To the Heart of a Conflict Author: Andrew Meier
• Chienne de Guerre: A Woman Reporter Behind the Lines of the War in Chechnya Author: Anne Nivat
• Crying Wolf: The Return of War to Chechnya Author: Vanora Bennett
• My Jihad Author: Aukai Collins
• One Soldier's War Author: Arkady Babchenko
• Open Wound: Chechnya 1994-2003 Author: Stanley Greene
• Putin's Russia Author: Anna Politkovskaya
• Russia's Chechen Wars 1994-2000: Lessons from Urban Combat Author: Olga Oliker (preview available)
• Russia's Islamic Threat Author: Gordon M. Hahn
• Russia's Restless Frontier: The Chechnya Factor in Post-Soviet Russia Author: Dmitri Trenin, Anatol Lieven {preview available)
• Russia's Wars with Chechnya 1994-2003 Author: Michael Orr
• Russian Military Reform, 1992-2002 Author: Anne Aldis, Roger N. McDermott
• Russo-Chechen Conflict, 1800-2000: A Deadly Embrace Author: Robert Seely (preview available)
• The Angel of Grozny: Orphans of a Forgotten War Author: Asne Seierstad
• The Chechen Wars: Will Russia Go the Way of the Soviet Union? Author: Matthew Evangelista (preview available)
• The Lone Wolf and the Bear: Three Centuries of Chechen Defiance of Russian Rule Author: Moshe Gammer (preview available)
• The Oath: A Surgeon Under Fire Author: Khassan Baiev
• The Wolves of Islam: Russia and the Faces of Chechen Terror Author: Paul J. Murphy (preview available)
• "Welcome to Hell": Arbitrary Detention, Torture, and Extortion in Chechnya Author: Human Rights Watch (preview available)

External links

Please help improve this article or section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. (March 2008)

Timelines and chronologies

• BBC Timeline: Chechnya

Summaries

• CHECHNYA: TWO FEDERAL INTERVENTIONS Conflict Studies Research Centre
• Second Chechnya War - 1999-??? GlobalSecurity.Org

Human rights issues

• Video: Is it safe in Chechnya? A European human rights body has described the situation in Russia's Chechen republic as critical (April 21 2008)
• Council of Europe resolutions on 'The human rights situation in the Chechen Republic':
  • Resolution 1323 (2003)
  • Resolution 1403 (2004)
• Human Rights Violations in Chechnya Society for the Russian-Chechen Friendship
• The Trauma of ongoing War in Chechnya Doctors Without Borders

Articles

• "The North Caucasus," Russian Analytical Digest No. 22 (5 June 2007)
• Critical media coverage of Chechnya stifled
• Shifting Battlefields of the Chechen War (April 2006)
• The Chechen resistance movement: 2006 in review Jamestown Foundation
• ISN Case Study: The North Caucasus on the Brink (August 2006)

Advocacy groups and mailing lists

• The Terror of 9/99: Fact Sheet
• Chechnya-sl mailing list

هذا الصندوق: عرض • نقاش • تحرير الصراع الروسي-الشيشاني
أحداث رئيسية	مقالات محددة	الإتحاديون	الإنفصاليون
الحروب حرب الشيشان الأولى حرب داغستان حرب الشيشان الثانية معارك مشهورة جروزني (1994) جروزني (1994–1995) جروزني (1996) جروزني (1999–2000) Komsomolskoye (2000) أخرى Khasav-Yurt accord Russian apartment bombings Hostage crises: Budyonnovsk Kizlyar Moscow Beslan	الحرب الشيشانية الثانية 1999 bombing campaign Assassinations Casualties Aircraft losses Crimes and terrorism: Mass graves Suicide attacks Insurgency since May 2000 Caucasian Front International response Federal government in Chechnya	المقاتلون: Russian Federation Russian Army (Ground Forces) MVD (OMON, Internal Troops) FSB and GRU Special forces (OSNAZ, Spetsnaz) Republic of Chechnya (Kadyrovtsy) قادة رئيسيون : Boris Yeltsin Vladimir Putin Doku Zavgayev Akhmad Kadyrov † Alu Alkhanov Ramzan Kadyrov	المقاتلون: Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Mujahideen قادة رئيسيون : Dzhokhar Dudayev † Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev † Aslan Maskhadov † Abdul Halim Sadulayev † Dokka Umarov Shamil Basayev † Akhmed Yevloyev Khattab † Abu al-Walid † Abu Hafs al-Urduni † Muhannad