من المعرفة
آكلات اللحوم
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رتبة آكلات اللحوم Carnivora المتنوعة تضم أكثر من 260 فصيلة من الثدييات placental. Its members are formally referred to as carnivorans, while the word "carnivore" (often popularly applied to members of this group) can refer to any meat-eating animal. Carnivorans are the most diverse in size of any mammalian order, ranging from the Least Weasel (Mustela nivalis), at as little as 25 grams and 11 cm (4.3 in), to the Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) which can weigh up to 1000 kg (2200 lb) and the Brown Bear at up to 1140 kg (2500 lb), to the Southern Elephant Seal (Mirounga leonina) whose adult males weigh up to 5000 kg (11,000 lb) and measure up to 6.9 m (22.5 ft) in length.
The first carnivoran was a carnivore, and nearly all carnivorans today primarily eat meat. Some, such as cats, pinnipeds, and weasels, are almost completely carnivorous. Others, such as bears, are more omnivorous, although the Polar Bear is predominantly carnivorous, with 90% of its diet consisting of seals.[1][2] The Giant Panda is almost exclusively an herbivore but occasionally eats fish, eggs and insects.
Carnivorans have teeth and claws adapted for catching and eating other animals. Their eyes point forward. Many carnivorans hunt in packs and are social animals.
Carnivorans apparently evolved in North America out of members of the family Miacidae (miacids) c 42 million years ago. They soon split into cat-like and dog-like forms (feliformia and caniformia).
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[تحرير] التصنيف
- رتبة آكلات اللحوم
- Suborder Feliformia ("cat-like")
- Family †Stenoplesictidae
- Family †Percrocutidae
- Family †Nimravidae: false sabre-tooth cats (5–36 Ma)
- Family Nandiniidae: African Palm Civet; 1 species in 1 genus
- Superfamily Feloidea
- Family Prinonodontidae: Asiatic linsangs; 2 species in 1 genus
- Family †Barbourofelidae (6–18 Ma)
- Family Felidae: cats; 40 species in 14 genera
- Infraorder Viverroidea
- Family Viverridae: civets and allies; 35 species in 15 genera
- Superfamily Herpestoidea
- Family Hyaenidae: hyenas and Aardwolf; 4 species in 4 genera
- Family Eupleridae : Malagasy carnivores; 8 species in 7 genera
- Family Herpestidae: mongooses and allies; 33 species in 14 genera
- Suborder Caniformia ("dog-like")
- Family †Amphicyonidae: bear-dogs (9–37 Ma)
- Family Canidae: dogs and allies; 37 species in 10 genera
- Infraorder Arctoidea
- Superfamily Ursoidea
- Family †Hemicyonidae: (2-22 Ma)
- Family Ursidae: bears; 8 species in 5 genera
- Superfamily Musteloidea
- Family Ailuridae: Red Panda; 1 species in 1 genus.
- Family Mephitidae: skunks and stink badgers; 10 species in 4 genera
- Family Mustelidae: weasels, martens, badgers, wolverines, minks, and otters; 55 species in 24 genera
- Family Procyonidae: raccoons and allies; 19 species in 6 genera
- Superfamily Pinnipedia
- Family †Enaliarctidae: (23–20 Ma?)
- Family Odobenidae: Walrus; 1 species in 1 genus
- Family Otariidae: sea lions, eared seals, fur seals; 14 species in 7 genera
- Family Phocidae: true seals; 19 species in 9 genera
- Superfamily Ursoidea
- Suborder Feliformia ("cat-like")
[تحرير] Phylogenetic Tree
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[تحرير] المصادر
- ^ Polar Bear, the Largest Living Carnivorous Mammal - The ice killer. By: Stefan Anitei, Science Editor. Retrieved on: January 22 2008
- ^ Polar bear diet WWF Polar Bear Tracker. Retrieved on January 22 2008
[تحرير] وصلات خارجية
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